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arXiv 0803.3357astro-ph
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凯克行星搜索:太阳系外行星的可探测性和最小质量及轨道周期分布

The Keck Planet Search: Detectability and the Minimum Mass and Orbital Period Distribution of Extrasolar Planets

Andrew Cumming, R. Paul Butler, Geoffrey W. Marcy, Steven S. Vogt, Jason T. Wright, Debra A. Fischer

摘要:

我们分析了8年的精确径向速度测量从凯克行星搜索,表征检测阈值,选择效果,和调查的完整性。我们进行了系统的搜索,通过评估与开普勒轨道拟合的数据的虚警概率的行星。这使我们能够从观测的数量和时间基线以及测量误差和恒星抖动的大小方面了解每颗恒星的检测阈值。我们发现所有轨道周期<2000天,速度振幅>20 m/s,偏心率<0.6的行星都已公布,并总结了低振幅和长轨道周期的候选者。对于其余的恒星,我们计算的速度振幅的同伴,通常为10米/秒的上限,并使用非检测得到的完整性校正在低振幅和长轨道周期。我们给出了恒星与行星的比例作为行星质量和轨道周期的函数,并外推到长周期轨道和低行星质量。对于质量大于0.3倍木星质量、周期小于2000天的行星,幂律拟合给出质量-周期分布dN=C M^αP^βdlnM dlnP,其中α=-0.31 \pm 0.2,β=0.26 \pm 0.1,和标准化常数C,使得10.5%的太阳型恒星具有质量在0.3-10木星质量范围内的行星,轨道周期为2- 10。两千天。轨道周期分布表明,轨道周期超过300天的行星比例增加5倍。外推法给出17-20%的恒星在20天文单位内有气体巨行星。最后,考虑到可探测性的差异,我们发现M矮星比太阳型恒星更不可能拥有木星质量的行星。

英文摘要:

We analyze 8 years of precise radial velocity measurements from the Keck Planet Search, characterizing the detection threshold, selection effects, and completeness of the survey. We carry out a systematic search for planets by assessing the false alarm probability associated with Keplerian orbit fits to the data. This allows us to understand the detection threshold for each star in terms of the number and time baseline of the observations, and size of measurement errors and stellar jitter. We show that all planets with orbital periods <2000 days, velocity amplitudes >20 m/s, and eccentricities <0.6 have been announced, and summarize the candidates at lower amplitudes and longer orbital periods. For the remaining stars, we calculate upper limits on the velocity amplitude of a companion, typically 10 m/s, and use the non-detections to derive completeness corrections at low amplitudes and long orbital periods. We give the fraction of stars with a planet as a function of planet mass and orbital period, and extrapolate to long period orbits and low planet masses. A power law fit for planet masses >0.3 Jupiter masses and periods <2000 days gives a mass-period distribution dN=C M^αP^βdlnM dlnP with α=-0.31 \pm 0.2, β=0.26\pm 0.1, and the normalization constant C such that 10.5% of solar type stars have a planet with mass in the range 0.3-10 Jupiter masses and orbital period 2-2000 days. The orbital period distribution shows an increase in the planet fraction by a factor of 5 for orbital periods beyond 300 days. Extrapolation gives 17-20% of stars having gas giant planets within 20 AU. Finally, taking into account differences in detectability, we find that M dwarfs are 3 to 10 times less likely to harbor a Jupiter mass planet than solar type stars.

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