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arXiv 0710.3867astro-ph
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作为假暗星系的高速碰撞的潮汐碎片:VirgoHI21的数值模型

Tidal debris from high-velocity collisions as fake dark galaxies: A numerical model of VirgoHI21

Pierre-Alain Duc, Frederic Bournaud

摘要:

高速碰撞虽然在星系团中很常见,但长期以来一直被忽视,因为它们被认为对星系造成的损害很小,除非它们重复发生,这一过程称为骚扰。事实上,它们能够产生微弱但延伸的气体尾部。这种低质量、无恒星的潮汐碎片可能会分离,在目前正在进行的极深的HI调查中看起来像自由漂浮的云。在本文中,我们表明,这些碎片具有相同的明显属性,作为所谓的“暗星系”,最初在HI检测到的对象,没有光学对应物,大概是暗物质占主导地位。我们提出了一个数字模型的原型,这样的黑暗银河系-处女座HI 21-,这是能够重现其主要特点:它与螺旋星系NGC 4254相连的一侧尾巴,没有恒星,最重要的是,沿着尾巴的速度梯度的逆转最初归因于大质量暗物质晕引起的旋转运动,我们发现这与简单的流运动加上投影效果。根据我们的数值模拟,这些潮汐碎片是在7.5亿年前以1100公里/秒的速度飞越NGC 4254时被一个大质量的伴星驱逐的,现在应该位于大约400千秒差距的投影距离。讨论入侵者的候选人。从未能够形成恒星的星系的存在已经受到理论和观测依据的挑战。潮汐碰撞,特别是那些发生在高速,提供了一个更简单的解释这种假定的暗星系的起源。

英文摘要:

High speed collisions, although current in clusters of galaxies, have long been neglected, as they are believed to cause little damages to galaxies, except when they are repeated, a process called harassment. In fact, they are able to produce faint but extended gaseous tails. Such low-mass, starless, tidal debris may become detached and appear as free floating clouds in the very deep HI surveys that are currently being carried out. We show in this paper that these debris possess the same apparent properties as the so-called "Dark Galaxies", objects originally detected in HI, with no optical counterpart, and presumably dark matter dominated. We present a numerical model of the prototype of such Dark Galaxies - VirgoHI21 -, that is able to reproduce its main characteristics: the one-sided tail linking it to the spiral galaxy NGC 4254, the absence of stars, and above all the reversal of the velocity gradient along the tail originally attributed to rotation motions caused by a massive dark matter halo and which we find to be consistent with simple streaming motions plus projection effects. According to our numerical simulations, this tidal debris was expelled 750 Myr ago during a fly-by at 1100 km/s of NGC 4254 by a massive companion which should now lie at a projected distance of about 400 kpc. A candidate for the intruder is discussed. The existence of galaxies that have never been able to form stars had already been challenged based on theoretical and observational grounds. Tidal collisions, in particular those occurring at high speed, provide a much more simple explanation for the origin of such putative Dark Galaxies.

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