飞秒脉冲分段啁啾作用下两个量子态之间的布居转移：理论与实验
Population transfer between two quantum states by piecewise chirping of femtosecond pulses: Theory and experiment
摘要：
提出并论证了在两个量子态之间通过分段绝热通道实现布居转移的方法。用超短激光脉冲的训练对两能级系统进行相干激发，再现了传统上用单个频率啁啾脉冲实现的绝热通道的效果。通过适当地调整激励脉冲训练中脉冲的幅度和相位，我们实现了到目标状态的完整和鲁棒的布居转移。通过观察铷原子从5s_1/2电子态到5p_1/2电子态的分段激发，实验证明了这种效应。我们发现，类似于传统的绝热通道，分段过程是不敏感的总激发能，只要绝热条件得到满足。该过程的分段性质表明，鲁棒的和选择性的人口转移可以在各种复杂的量子系统中实现，而不仅仅是两级近似。
英文摘要：
We propose and demonstrate the method of population transfer by piecewise adiabatic passage between two quantum states. Coherent excitation of a two-level system with a train of ultrashort laser pulses is shown to reproduce the effect of an adiabatic passage, conventionally achieved with a single frequency-chirped pulse. By properly adjusting the amplitudes and phases of the pulses in the excitation pulse train, we achieve complete and robust population transfer to the target state. The effect is demonstrated experimentally by observing piecewise excitation of Rubidium atoms from 5s_1/2 to 5p_1/2 electronic state. We show that similarly to the conventional adiabatic passage, the piecewise process is insensitive to the total excitation energy as long as the adiabaticity conditions are satisfied. The piecewise nature of the process suggests that robust and selective population transfer could be implemented in a variety of complex quantum systems beyond the two-level approximation.
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