用AMS-02 RICH探测器进行粒子识别：用反氘核寻找暗物质
Particle identification with the AMS-02 RICH detector: search for dark matter with antideuterons
摘要：
阿尔法磁谱仪（AMS）的最终版本AMS-02将安装在国际空间站上至少三年，这是一种探测器，旨在使用最先进的粒子识别技术，测量能量高达TeV的带电宇宙射线谱，并具有高达几百GeV的高能光子探测能力。它配备了几个子系统，其中之一是配备双辐射器的近距离聚焦环成像切伦科夫（RICH）探测器（气凝胶+NaF）、侧面圆锥镜和由680光电倍增管和光导制成的检测平面，能够精确测量粒子电荷和速度（当Z = 1和Z = 10 - 20时，Δ β/β分别约为10 ^-3和10 ^-4），动能为几个GeV/核子。将速度测量与AMS-02跟踪仪的颗粒刚性数据（R = 1 - 10 GV时Δ R/R~2%）相结合，可以获得可靠的颗粒质量测量值。AMS-02物理计划的主要课题之一是寻找暗物质的间接特征。实验数据表明，组成未知的暗非重子物质比重子物质丰富得多，占宇宙能量的很大一部分。除了在宇宙射线传播中产生的反氘核外，暗物质的湮灭将产生额外的反氘核通量。详细的蒙特卡罗模拟AMS-02已被用来评估探测器的质量分离的性能，反D/反p分离的关键问题。这些研究的结果。
英文摘要：
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS), whose final version AMS-02 is to be installed on the International Space Station (ISS) for at least 3 years, is a detector designed to measure charged cosmic ray spectra with energies up to the TeV region and with high energy photon detection capability up to a few hundred GeV, using state-of-the art particle identification techniques. It is equipped with several subsystems, one of which is a proximity focusing Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector equipped with a dual radiator (aerogel+NaF), a lateral conical mirror and a detection plane made of 680 photomultipliers and light guides, enabling precise measurements of particle electric charge and velocity (Delta beta / beta ~ 10^-3 and 10^-4 for Z=1 and Z=10-20, respectively) at kinetic energies of a few GeV/nucleon. Combining velocity measurements with data on particle rigidity from the AMS-02 Tracker (Delta R / R ~ 2% for R=1-10 GV) it is possible to obtain a reliable measurement for particle mass. One of the main topics of the AMS-02 physics program is the search for indirect signatures of dark matter. Experimental data indicate that dark, non-baryonic matter of unknown composition is much more abundant than baryonic matter, accounting for a large fraction of the energy content of the Universe. Apart from antideuterons produced in cosmic-ray propagation, the annihilation of dark matter will produce additional antideuteron fluxes. Detailed Monte Carlo simulations of AMS-02 have been used to evaluate the detector's performance for mass separation, a key issue for anti-D/anti-p separation. Results of these studies are presented.
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