用引力望远镜观测超分辨遥远星系：透镜系统SDSSJ0737 +3216的PIKK-LGSAO和哈勃成像
Super-resolving distant galaxies with gravitational telescopes: Keck-LGSAO and Hubble imaging of the lens system SDSSJ0737+3216
摘要：
我们结合高分辨率的图像，在四个光学/红外波段，获得与激光导星自适应光学系统的凯克望远镜和哈勃太空望远镜，研究引力透镜系统SDSSJ 0737 +3216（透镜红移0.3223，源红移0.5812）。我们表明，（在有利的观测条件下）地面图像与HST获得的透镜质量分布和背景源的参数的确定方面的精度相媲美。我们还量化的系统误差与PSF的不完整的知识，和透镜星系光去除的不确定的过程，并发现，类似的精度可以实现与凯克LGSAO与HST。然后，我们利用这种经过良好校准的光学和引力望远镜组合，以0.01”的有效分辨率对源星系进行多波长研究。我们发现Sersic指数是盘状物体的指示，但测量的半光半径（0.59+-0.007+-0.1 kpc）和恒星质量（2.0+-1.0+-0.8e9 Msun）使其距离当地盘大小-质量关系超过3 sigma。SDSSJ 0737 +3216源具有所研究的最紧凑的暗蓝色星系的特征，并且具有与本地宇宙中的矮早型星系相当的大小和质量。借助引力望远镜以10%的精度测量单个天体的亮度轮廓，对高红移尺寸-质量关系的研究可能会比现有的低质量端的测量扩展一个数量级或更多，从而为星系形成模型提供新的观测测试。
英文摘要：
We combine high-resolution images in four optical/infra-red bands, obtained with the laser guide star adaptive optics system on the Keck Telescope and with the Hubble Space Telescope, to study the gravitational lens system SDSSJ0737+3216 (lens redshift 0.3223, source redshift 0.5812). We show that (under favorable observing conditions) ground-based images are comparable to those obtained with HST in terms of precision in the determination of the parameters of both the lens mass distribution and the background source. We also quantify the systematic errors associated with both the incomplete knowledge of the PSF, and the uncertain process of lens galaxy light removal, and find that similar accuracy can be achieved with Keck LGSAO as with HST. We then exploit this well-calibrated combination of optical and gravitational telescopes to perform a multi-wavelength study of the source galaxy at 0.01" effective resolution. We find the Sersic index to be indicative of a disk-like object, but the measured half-light radius (0.59+-0.007+-0.1 kpc) and stellar mass (2.0+-1.0+-0.8e9Msun) place it more than three sigma away from the local disk size-mass relation. The SDSSJ0737+3216 source has the characteristics of the most compact faint blue galaxies studied, and has comparable size and mass to dwarf early-type galaxies in the local universe. With the aid of gravitational telescopes to measure individual objects' brightness profiles to 10% accuracy, the study of the high-redshift size-mass relation may be extended by an order of magnitude or more beyond existing surveys at the low-mass end, thus providing a new observational test of galaxy formation models.
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