The Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft yielded the most precise navigation in deep space to date. However, their radio-metric tracking data received from the distances between 20--70 astronomical units from the Sun has consistently indicated the presence of a small, anomalous, Doppler frequency drift. The drift is a blue frequency shift that can be interpreted as a sunward acceleration of a_P = (8.74 +/- 1.33) x 10^{-10} m/s^2 for each particular spacecraft. This signal has become known as the Pioneer anomaly; the nature of this anomaly remains unexplained.
Recently new Pioneer 10 and 11 radio-metric Doppler and flight telemetry data became available. The newly available Doppler data set is significantly enlarged when compared to the data used in previous investigations and is expected to be the primary source for the investigation of the anomaly. In addition, the flight telemetry files, original project documentation, and newly developed software tools are now used to reconstruct the engineering history of both spacecraft. With the help of this information, a thermal model of the Pioneer vehicles is being developed to study possible contribution of thermal recoil force acting on the two spacecraft. The ultimate goal of these physics engineering efforts is to evaluate the effect of on-board systems on the spacecrafts' trajectories.
Jupiter, Saturn and the Pioneer anomaly: a planetary-based independent test
在本文中,我们使用对木星和土星近日点的标准牛顿/爱因斯坦长期岁差的修正比率,最近由俄罗斯天文学家E. V. Pitjeva通过将近一个世纪的数据与天文历表拟合来估计,对先锋异常(PA)的假设进行独立的,基于行星的测试,因为它目前已知在5-10 AU区域,是引力的起源考虑到确定的拱线额外率和木星和土星轨道上PA加速度值的误差,答案是否定的。如果对整个先锋10/11的重新分析完成,就可以得出更确切的结论。此外,其他天文学家团队独立估计他们自己对近日点岁差的修正也很重要。
Can the Pioneer anomaly be induced by velocity-dependent forces? Tests in the outer regions of solar system with planetary dynamics
本文分析了最近提出的一些速度相关力对太阳系外行星(从木星到冥王星)轨道运动的影响,并将他们的预测(近日点\varpi或半长轴a的经度和偏心率e的长期变化)与E. V. Pitjeva使用EPM 2006星历表进行的最新观测测定相比较。事实证明,虽然预测的a百年位移是如此之大,以至于除了海王星之外,所有行星都可以很容易地检测到,但预测的\varpi异常岁差太小了,除了木星之外,所以它们仍然与标准牛顿-爱因斯坦近日点岁差的估计修正相一致。因此,我们倾向于放弃那些预测a和e长期变化的额外力,也是出于其他一些原因,而给那些预测仍然无法检测到近日点岁差的模型一个机会,至少在观测上是这样。当然,必须为它们找到充分的理论基础。
Orbital effects of the time-dependent component of the Pioneer anomaly
我们工作的影响,最近确定的时间依赖的组成部分的先锋异常(PA),解释为一个额外的外来加速度的引力起源相对于众所周知的PA一样的常数,可能对太阳系的一些行星的轨道运动。假设它指向太阳,结果是测试粒子轨道的半长轴a和偏心率e都经历长期变化。对于土星和天王星,现代数据记录至少覆盖了一个完整的轨道旋转,这种预测的异常比目前的经验确定其轨道参数的精度大2-3个数量级,这些轨道参数来自通常的轨道确定程序,其中PA没有建模。考虑到这种假设特征的预测的巨大尺寸,它们在目前可用的处理数据中的缺失不太可能归因于它们在估计参数中的“吸收”,这是由它们没有被明确建模的事实引起的。根据土星近日点岁差的最新观测结果,在9.5天文单位处的恒定PA型加速度的大小不可能大于9 10^-15 m s^-2。
What do the orbital motions of the outer planets of the Solar System tell us about the Pioneer anomaly?
在本文中,我们调查的影响,所经历的先驱者航天器后,他们通过20 AU阈值的异常加速度将导致太阳系行星的轨道运动放置在日心距离为20 AU或更大的天王星,海王星和冥王星。事实证明,这样一个加速度(其幅度为8.74 \times 10^-10 m s^-2)将影响它们的轨道,其长期和短周期信号足够大,根据E. V. Pitjeva最新发表的结果,即使考虑到比释放的误差大30倍的误差,也可以检测到。最新数据中没有这种异常特征,排除了在太阳系20-40天文单位区域,一个异常力场引起具有这些特征的恒定径向加速度影响主要行星运动的可能性。