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arXiv 0709.3454astro-ph
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第一颗星VIII --早期银河系中子俘获元素的富集

First Stars VIII -- Enrichment of the neutron-capture elements in the early Galaxy

P. Francois, E. Depagne, V. Hill, M. Spite, F. Spite, B. Plez, T. C. Beers, J. Andersen, G. James, B. Barbuy, R. Cayrel, P. Bonifacio, P. Molaro, B. Nordström, F. Primas

摘要:

我们的目标是测量本系列早期研究的32颗EMP巨星样本的准确,均匀的中子捕获元素丰度,其中包括22颗[Fe/H] $< -$ 3.0的恒星。基于ESO VLT/UVES、1D、LTE模型大气的高分辨率、高信噪比光谱和合成光谱拟合,我们确定了所有恒星中16种元素Sr、Y、Zr、Ba、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm和Yb的丰度或上限。如前所述,[Sr/Fe],[Y/Fe],[Zr/Fe]和[Ba/Fe]在EMP星中低于太阳,具有非常大的散射。然而,对于$-4.5 <$ [Ba/H] $< -2.5$,我们发现[Sr/Ba]、[Y/Ba]和[Zr/Ba]与[Ba/H]有紧密的反相关,当减去由[Ba/H]测量的主要$r$ -过程的贡献时也是如此。在我们的EMP恒星的[n-捕获/Fe]比的巨大的,良好的特征分散形成鲜明对比,在[ $α$ /Fe]和[Fe-峰值/Fe]比中的可忽略不计的分散文件V中发现的相同的恒星。这些结果表明,第二个(“弱”或LEPP)$r$ -过程占主导地位的生产较轻的中子捕获元素[Ba/H] $< -2.5$。非常一致的[ $α$ /Fe]和不稳定的[n-捕获/Fe]比值的组合表明,需要晕早期演化的非均匀模型。我们的精确数据为未来早期银河系中重元素的产生和混合模型提供了强有力的约束。

英文摘要:

Our aim is to measure accurate, homogeneous neutron-capture element abundances for the sample of 32 EMP giant stars studied earlier in this series, including 22 stars with [Fe/H] $< -$3.0. Based on high-resolution, high S/N spectra from the ESO VLT/UVES, 1D, LTE model atmospheres, and synthetic spectrum fits, we determine abundances or upper limits for the 16 elements Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb in all stars. As found earlier, [Sr/Fe], [Y/Fe], [Zr/Fe] and [Ba/Fe] are below Solar in the EMP stars, with very large scatter. However, we find a tight anti-correlation of [Sr/Ba], [Y/Ba], and [Zr/Ba] with [Ba/H] for $-4.5 <$ [Ba/H] $< -2.5$, also when subtracting the contribution of the main $r$-process as measured by [Ba/H]. The huge, well-characterised scatter of the [n-capture/Fe] ratios in our EMP stars is in stark contrast to the negligible dispersion in the [$α$/Fe] and [Fe-peak/Fe] ratios for the same stars found in Paper V. These results demonstrate that a second (``weak'' or LEPP) $r$-process dominates the production of the lighter neutron-capture elements for [Ba/H] $< -2.5$. The combination of very consistent [$α$/Fe] and erratic [n-capture/Fe] ratios indicates that inhomogeneous models for the early evolution of the halo are needed. Our accurate data provide strong constraints on future models of the production and mixing of the heavy elements in the early Galaxy.

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