We report on far infrared magneto-transmission measurements on a thin graphite sample prepared by exfoliation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. In magnetic field, absorption lines exhibiting a blue-shift proportional to sqrtB are observed. This is a fingerprint for massless Dirac holes at the H point in bulk graphite. The Fermi velocity is found to be c*=1.02x10^6 m/s and the pseudogap at the H point is estimated to be below 10 meV. Although the holes behave to a first approximation as a strictly 2D gas of Dirac fermions, the full 3D band structure has to be taken into account to explain all the observed spectral features.
Dirac and Normal Fermions in Graphite and Graphene: Implications to the Quantum Hall Effect
在准2D高取向热解石墨（HOPG）中测量的磁阻和量子霍尔效应（QHE）的Shubnikov de Haas（SdH）振荡的光谱分析[Phys.Rev.Lett. 90，156402（2003）]揭示了两种类型的载流子：具有Berry相位0的正常（有质量）电子和具有Berry相位π的Dirac类（无质量）空穴。我们证明，最近报道的整数和半整数QHE的双层和单层石墨烯同时发生在HOPG样品。
Evolution and dimensional crossover from the bulk subbands in ABC-stacked graphene to a three-dimensional Dirac cone structure in rhombohedral graphite
A detailed magnetoresistance study of bulk and microflake samples of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite with a thickness of 25 $μ$m to 23~nm reveals that the usually observed field-induced metal-insulator and electronic phase transitions vanish in thinner samples. The observed suppression is accompanied by orders of magnitude decrease of the magnetoresistance and of the amplitude of the Shubnikov-de-Haas oscillations. The overall behavior is related to the decrease in the quantity of two-dimensional interfaces between crystalline regions of the same and different stacking orders present in gra…
Three dimensional (3D) topological insulators (TIs) are an important class of materials with applications in electronics, spintronics and quantum computing. With the recent development of truly bulk insulating 3D TIs, it has become possible to realize surface dominated phenomena in electrical transport measurements e.g. the quantum Hall (QH) effect of massless Dirac fermions in topological surface states (TSS). However, to realize more advanced devices and phenomena, there is a need for a platform to tune the TSS or modify them e.g. gap them by proximity with magnetic insulators, in a clean ma…
The magnetotransport properties of massless Dirac fermions in a gapless HgTe quantum well are investigated. In samples with narrow channels, a large negative magnetoresistance with a Lorentzian profile is observed, which is interpreted as a manifestation of electron viscosity due to electron-electron interaction. Comparison of experiment with theory yields the shear stress relaxation time of the Dirac fermions caused by electron-electron scattering.
Magneto-optics of quasi-relativistic electrons in tilted Dirac cones in graphene and $α$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$I$_3$
无质量狄拉克费米子以低能模式出现在几个准二维凝聚态系统中，如石墨烯、块状拓扑绝缘体的表面和层状有机半导体中。当这种系统的旋转对称性被面内电场或狄拉克锥的固有倾斜所降低时，所允许的偶极光学跃迁从几个选定的跃迁演变成宽扇的带间跃迁。我们表明，低能量载流子的洛伦兹协方差允许一个简洁的分析新兴的磁光特性。我们预测，红外吸收光谱产生的倾斜狄拉克锥结构的有机化合物，如$α$ -（BEDT-TTF）$_2$ I $_3$的定量信息。
Dirac fermions in graphene and analogues: magnetic field and topological properties
这是一个简短的回顾二维狄拉克费米子在石墨烯和类似的系统，如氮化硼，准二维有机盐$α$ -（BEDT-TTF）$_2$ I $_3$、光晶格中有冷原子的人造石墨烯等，重点是磁场性质（回旋轨道的半经典量子化、朗道能级、量子霍尔效应、磁等离子体、磁声子共振、磁输运等）以及拓扑性质（Berry相位、缠绕数、带间效应、Dirac点的合并跃迁等）。
Massive Dirac fermions break the chiral symmetry explicitly and also make the Berry curvature of the band structure non-Abelian. By utilizing the Green's function technique, we develop a microscopic theory to establish a set of quantum diffusive equations for massive Dirac materials in the presence of electric and magnetic fields. It is found that the longitudinal magnetoresistance is always negative and quadratic in the magnetic field, and decays quickly with the mass. The theory is applicable to the systems with non-Abelian Berry curvature and resolves the puzzles of anomalous magnetotranspo…
Extensive studies of electron transport in Dirac materials have shown positive magneto-resistance (MR) and positive magneto-thermopower (MTP) in a magnetic field perpendicular to the excitation current or thermal gradient. In contrast, measurements of electron transport often show a negative longitudinal MR and negative MTP for a magnetic field oriented along the excitation current or thermal gradient; this is attributed to the chiral anomaly in Dirac materials. Here, we report a very different magneto-thermoelectric transport behavior in the massive Dirac material ZrTe5. Although thin flakes …
We present a theoretical study on the Landau levels (LLs) and magneto-optical absorption of a two-dimensional semi-Dirac electron system under a perpendicular magnetic field. Based on an effective k.p Hamiltonian, we find that the LLs are proportional to the two-thirds power law of the magnetic field and level index, which can be understood as a hybridization of the LL of Schrodinger and Dirac electrons with new features. With the help of Kubo formula, we find the selection rule for interband (intraband) magneto-optical transition is anisotropic (isotropic). Specifically, the selection rules f…
We study the transport of the fermions with a small mass in the presence of Coulomb impurities, which could be realized in slightly distorted Dirac semimetals. Using the semiclassical Boltzmann equation, we derive the relaxation times for two kinds of intra-cone transition process. One is due to the effect of mass, and the other is due to the excited states in Landau levels under the weaker magnetic field. Hence we derive the mass dependence and the magnetic field dependence of the longitudinal magnetoconductivity in the presence of parallel electric and magnetic fields.
