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arXiv 0709.1005gr-qcastro-phmath.DSnlin.SI
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非均匀尘埃解的动力系统方法

A dynamical system approach to inhomogeneous dust solutions

Roberto A. Sussman

摘要:

我们研究数值和定性的Lema-Tolman-Bondi(LTB)的非均匀尘埃溶液作为一个3-维动力系统,其特征在于由六个临界点。相空间的一个坐标是平均密度参数$<Ω>$,它的行为与Friedman-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker(FLRW)尘埃时空中的普通$Ω$相同。另外两个坐标,剪切参数和密度对比函数,传达不均匀性的影响。只要壳交叉奇点不存在,这个相空间是有界的,或者它可以平凡紧化。这个空间包含几个不变的子空间,定义相关的特殊情况下,如:“抛物线”的演变,FLRW灰尘和史瓦西-克鲁斯卡尔真空极限。我们详细研究了几种尘埃配置的相空间演化:低密度空洞形成的情况下,高密度的再塌缩宇宙与开放,封闭和虫洞拓扑结构,结构形成的情况下,一个黑洞包围着一个不断扩大的背景,和Schwarzschild-Kruskal真空的情况。解曲线在平面$<Ω>=1$中从过去的吸引子(源)开始扩展,与初始奇点处的自相似状态相关联。根据初始条件和特定的配置,曲线在过去的吸引子和其他两个可能的未来吸引子之间演化时会接近几个鞍点:永久扩展的曲线在$<Ω>=0$的汇线处终止,而塌陷曲线在$<Ω>$发散时达到最大扩展,并最终在与过去吸引子一致的汇中结束,并且也与自相似行为相关。

英文摘要:

We examine numerically and qualitatively the Lema\^ıtre--Tolman--Bondi (LTB) inhomogeneous dust solutions as a 3--dimensional dynamical system characterized by six critical points. One of the coordinates of the phase space is an average density parameter, $<Ω>$, which behaves as the ordinary $Ω$ in Friedman-Lema\^ıtre--Robertson--Walker (FLRW) dust spacetimes. The other two coordinates, a shear parameter and a density contrast function, convey the effects of inhomogeneity. As long as shell crossing singularities are absent, this phase space is bounded or it can be trivially compactified. This space contains several invariant subspaces which define relevant particular cases, such as: ``parabolic'' evolution, FLRW dust and the Schwarzschild--Kruskal vacuum limit. We examine in detail the phase space evolution of several dust configurations: a low density void formation scenario, high density re--collapsing universes with open, closed and wormhole topologies, a structure formation scenario with a black hole surrounded by an expanding background, and the Schwarzschild--Kruskal vacuum case. Solution curves start expanding from a past attractor (source) in the plane $<Ω>=1$, associated with self similar regime at an initial singularity. Depending on the initial conditions and specific configurations, the curves approach several saddle points as they evolve between this past attractor and other two possible future attractors: perpetually expanding curves terminate at a line of sinks at $<Ω>=0$, while collapsing curves reach maximal expansion as $<Ω>$ diverges and end up in sink that coincides with the past attractor and is also associated with self similar behavior.

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