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arXiv 0709.0619astro-ph
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NGC 7538恒星形成早期暗云的物理特征:外星系红外暗云?

Physical Characteristics of a Dark Cloud in an Early Stage of Star Formation toward NGC 7538: an Outer Galaxy Infrared Dark Cloud?

Wilfred W. F. Frieswijk, Marco Spaans, Russell F. Shipman, David Teyssier, Pierre Hily-Blant

摘要:

在银河系内部,红外暗云(IRDC)目前被认为是大质量恒星和星团的祖先。它们中的许多主要是缺乏活跃的恒星形成,现在它们代表了最早观察到的大质量恒星形成阶段。它们的外星系对应物,如果存在的话,也不容易识别,因为它们的中红外背景很低或不存在。我们表征的环境条件外星系IRDC候选人G111.80+0.58,一个相对静止的分子核心复杂的附近的NGC 7538。我们进行分子线观测的一些密集的核心和分析数据的激发温度,柱和体积密度,质量和稳定性。温度(15- 20 K)比宇宙射线加热的预期要高,但与大质量核心中的温度相当。恒星形成活动可能存在于某些核心中,如温暖气体和YSO候选者的存在所示。观察到的超热线宽是典型的恒星形成区。速度色散是一致的湍流能量级联在所观察到的尺寸尺度。我们没有发现气体温度和线宽之间的相关性。我们发现的LTE质量比热金斯质量大得多,并且预期会发生碎裂。在这种情况下,观察到的线代表多个未分辨组分的组合发射。我们的结论是,G111.80+0.58是一个分子核心复合物,具有与早期(但不是原始)恒星形成状态下的IRDC非常相似的整体性质。个别核心接近维里平衡,有些包含足够的物质形成大质量恒星和星团。环境条件表明,湍流参与了支撑核心对抗引力坍缩的过程。

英文摘要:

In the inner parts of the Galaxy the Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) are presently believed to be the progenitors of massive stars and star clusters. Many of them are predominantly devoid of active star formation and for now they represent the earliest observed stages of massive star formation. Their Outer Galaxy counterparts, if present, are not easily identified because of a low or absent mid-IR background. We characterize the ambient conditions in the Outer Galaxy IRDC candidate G111.80+0.58, a relatively quiescent molecular core complex in the vicinity of NGC7538. We conduct molecular line observations on a number of dense cores and analyze the data in terms of excitation temperature, column and volume density, mass and stability. The temperatures (15-20K) are higher than expected from only cosmic ray heating, but comparable to those found in massive cores. Star forming activity could be present in some cores, as indicated by the presence of warm gas and YSO candidates. The observed super-thermal line-widths are typical for star forming regions. The velocity dispersion is consistent with a turbulent energy cascade over the observed size scales. We do not find a correlation between the gas temperature and the line-width. The LTE masses we find are much larger than the thermal Jeans mass and fragmentation is expected. In that case the observed lines represent the combined emission of multiple unresolved components. We conclude that G111.80+0.58 is a molecular core complex with bulk properties very similar to IRDCs in an early, but not pristine, star forming state. The individual cores are close to virial equilibrium and some contain sufficient material to form massive stars and star clusters. The ambient conditions suggest that turbulence is involved in supporting the cores against gravitational collapse.

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