arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 0709.0356astro-ph
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参宿四内部星周环境的分子和尘埃组成

The molecular and dusty composition of Betelgeuse's inner circumstellar environment

Guy Perrin, Tijl Verhoelst, Stephen T. Ridgway, Jan Cami, Quynh Nhu Nguyen, Olivier Chesneau, Bruno Lopez, Christoph Leinert, Andrea Richichi

摘要:

研究红超巨星的大气层,特别是参宿四(猎户座α星)的大气层,对于了解尘埃的形成以及在演化的大质量恒星中质量如何流失到星际介质中至关重要。在参宿四的大气层中有一个分子壳层,叫做MOLsphere(Tsuji,2000 a),它被用来解释参宿四的近红外和中红外光谱观测。我们的目标是进一步测试这一假设,并确定一些分子在这个MOLsphere。我们报告的测量中红外两望远镜光束组合器的VLTI,VLTI,操作之间的7.5和13.5 $μ$ m。的数据进行了比较,一个简单的几何模型的光球包围一个温暖的吸收和发射壳。壳的物理特性推导:尺寸,温度和光学深度。化学成分的测定与分析符合现有的红外光谱和干涉数据。我们能够占壳在N波段,ISO-SWS光谱和K和L波段干涉测量数据的测量光学深度与壳的内,外半径由上述范围和以下物种:H2O,SiO和Al 2 O3。这些结果证实了MOLsphere模型。我们带来的证据表明,更多的成分和物种的存在参与形成的尘埃颗粒在大气中的恒星,即远低于尘埃壳被检测到的距离。我们相信这些结果为理解参宿四和红超巨星的质量损失带来了关键因素,并为尘埃驱动的情景提供了支持。

英文摘要:

The study of the atmosphere of red supergiant stars in general and of Betelgeuse (alpha Orionis) in particular is of prime importance to understand dust formation and how mass is lost to the interstellar medium in evolved massive stars. A molecular shell, the MOLsphere (Tsuji, 2000a), in the atmosphere of Betelgeuse has been proposed to account for the near- and mid-infrared spectroscopic observations of Betelgeuse. The goal is to further test this hypothesis and to identify some of the molecules in this MOLsphere. We report on measurements taken with the mid-infrared two-telescope beam combiner of the VLTI, MIDI, operated between 7.5 and 13.5 $μ$m. The data are compared to a simple geometric model of a photosphere surrounded by a warm absorbing and emitting shell. Physical characteristics of the shell are derived: size, temperature and optical depth. The chemical constituents are determined with an analysis consistent with available infrared spectra and interferometric data. We are able to account for the measured optical depth of the shell in the N band, the ISO-SWS spectrum and K and L band interferometric data with a shell whose inner and outer radii are given by the above range and with the following species: H2O, SiO and Al2O3. These results confirm the MOLsphere model. We bring evidence for more constituents and for the presence of species participating in the formation of dust grains in the atmosphere of the star, i.e. well below the distance at which the dust shell is detected. We believe these results bring key elements to the understanding of mass loss in Betelgeuse and red supergiants in general and bring support to the dust-driven scenario.

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