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arXiv 0708.4308astro-ph
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X射线背景的拼接:活动星系核的辐射热校正

Piecing Together the X-ray Background: Bolometric Corrections for Active Galactic Nuclei

R. V. Vasudevan, A. C. Fabian

摘要:

X射线背景可以用来约束活动星系核中超大质量黑洞的吸积历史。硬X射线辐射热校正κ_{2- 10 keV}的知识是这些研究的重要输入。在计算κ_{2- 10 keV}时,以前没有考虑到盘辐射在紫外线中的变化,我们通过构造54个活动星系核的光学-到-X射线SEDs证明了这种变化的重要性。特别是,我们使用FUSE紫外线和X射线的数据,从文献中,以约束磁盘的发射,以及可能的。以前的工作表明κ_{2- 10 keV}与活动星系核的光度有关,但我们发现κ_{2- 10 keV}的扩散并不简单地依赖于光度。窄线Seyfert 1核(NLS 1 s)、射电强和X射线弱活动星系核(AGN)的κ_{2- 10 keV}值可能与其他活动星系核有系统的差异。不确定性的其他来源包括光学-紫外线、X射线和紫外线可变性的固有消光以及SMBH质量估计的不确定性。结果表明,活动星系核中的K_{2- 10 keV}与爱丁顿比之间存在一个较好的关系,在爱丁顿比约为0.1时存在一个过渡区,在此过渡区以下的辐射热校正通常为15 - 25,在此过渡区以上的辐射热校正通常为40 - 70。我们考虑了银河系黑洞(GBH)吸积过程中低/硬态和高/软态的潜在相似性,并给出了GBH双星GX 339-4的辐射热修正以作比较。我们的研究结果加强了以前的研究,提出了一个多状态的描述AGN吸积类似于GBH双星。未来的SMBH质量密度的计算可能需要考虑K_{2- 10 keV}对爱丁顿比的可能依赖性。

英文摘要:

(Abridged) The X-ray background can be used to constrain the accretion history of Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). A knowledge of the hard X-ray bolometric correction, κ_{2-10keV} is a vital input into these studies. Variations in the disk emission in the UV have not previously been taken into account in calculating κ_{2-10keV}; we show that such variations are important by constructing optical--to--X-ray SEDs for 54 AGN. In particular, we use FUSE UV and X-ray data from the literature to constrain the disk emission as well as possible. Previous work has suggested a dependence of κ_{2-10keV} on AGN luminosity, but we find significant spread in κ_{2-10keV} with no simple dependence on luminosity. Populations such as Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 nuclei (NLS1s), Radio Loud and X-ray Weak AGN may have values of κ_{2-10keV} differing systematically from the rest of the AGN population. Other sources of uncertainty include intrinsic extinction in the optical--UV, X-ray and UV variability and uncertainties in SMBH mass estimates. Our results suggest a more well-defined relationship between κ_{2-10keV} and Eddington ratio in AGN, with a transitional region at an Eddington ratio of ~0.1, below which the bolometric correction is typically 15 - 25, and above which it is typically 40 - 70. We consider the potential implied parallels with the low/hard and high/soft states in Galactic Black Hole (GBH) accretion, and present bolometric corrections for the GBH binary GX 339-4 for comparison. Our findings reinforce previous studies proposing a multi-state description of AGN accretion analogous to that for GBH binaries. Future calculations of the SMBH mass density may need to account for the possible dependence of κ_{2-10keV} on Eddington ratio.

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