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冰中声学中微子探测的可行性：来自South Pole声学试验装置（SPATS）的第一批结果

Feasibility of acoustic neutrino detection in ice: First results from the South Pole Acoustic Test Setup (SPATS)

S. Böser, C. Bohm, F. Descamps, J. Fischer, A. Hallgren, R. Heller, S. Hundertmark, K. Krieger, R. Nahnhauer, M. Pohl, P. B. Price, K. -H. Sulanke, D. Tosi, J. Vandenbroucke

备注：
To appear in the Proceedings of the International Cosmic Ray Conference, 2007
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摘要：

EeV范围内的天体物理中微子（特别是那些由宇宙射线与宇宙微波背景相互作用产生的中微子）有望成为研究最高能量天体物理和粒子物理的宝贵工具。从大约100个事件的时间、光谱和角分布中可以了解到很多信息，这些事件可以由一个有效体积为100立方千米的探测器在几年内收集到。将光学切伦科夫技术缩放到这种规模是禁止的。然而，利用南极的厚冰盖，无线电和声学技术有望在稀疏的仪器下提供足够的灵敏度。最好的策略可能是结合所有三种技术的混合方法。2007年1月，一个新的声波发射器和传感器阵列，南极声波测试装置，安装在三个冰立方洞。SPATS的目的是测量10-100 kHz声波的衰减长度、背景噪声和声速。有利的结果将为大型混合阵列铺平道路。SPATS是第一个研究冰中声学中微子探测可能性的阵列，预计冰是最好的介质。SPATS的第一个结果。

英文摘要：

Astrophysical neutrinos in the EeV range (particularly those generated by the interaction of cosmic rays with the cosmic microwave background) promise to be a valuable tool to study astrophysics and particle physics at the highest energies. Much could be learned from temporal, spectral, and angular distributions of ~100 events, which could be collected by a detector with ~100 km^3 effective volume in a few years. Scaling the optical Cherenkov technique to this scale is prohibitive. However, using the thick ice sheet available at the South Pole, the radio and acoustic techniques promise to provide sufficient sensitivity with sparse instrumentation. The best strategy may be a hybrid approach combining all three techniques. A new array of acoustic transmitters and sensors, the South Pole Acoustic Test Setup, was installed in three IceCube holes in January 2007. The purpose of SPATS is to measure the attenuation length, background noise, and sound speed for 10-100 kHz acoustic waves. Favorable results would pave the way for a large hybrid array. SPATS is the first array to study the possibility of acoustic neutrino detection in ice, the medium expected to be best for the purpose. First results from SPATS are presented.

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