为PanSTARRS和LSST提供更精确的测量光度学：直接测量大气的光学透射谱
Towards More Precise Survey Photometry for PanSTARRS and LSST: Measuring Directly the Optical Transmission Spectrum of the Atmosphere
摘要：
出于认识到，在大气中的光传输的变化可能是主要的限制，以地面为基础的CCD测量天体通量的精度，我们审查的物理过程，衰减通过地球的大气层的光。下一代的天文观测，如PanSTARRS和LSST，将大大受益于专用设备，以获得大气传输数据，可以与每个调查图像。我们回顾和比较各种方法来解决这个测量问题，包括光度学，光谱学和激光雷达。结合对仪器通量的仔细测量，大气传输测量应使下一代成像测量能够产生前所未有的精确度。我们主要关心的是实时确定气溶胶散射和吸收水沿视线，这两者都可以在一个晚上的观测过程中发生变化。
英文摘要：
Motivated by the recognition that variation in the optical transmission of the atmosphere is probably the main limitation to the precision of ground-based CCD measurements of celestial fluxes, we review the physical processes that attenuate the passage of light through the Earth's atmosphere. The next generation of astronomical surveys, such as PanSTARRS and LSST, will greatly benefit from dedicated apparatus to obtain atmospheric transmission data that can be associated with each survey image. We review and compare various approaches to this measurement problem, including photometry, spectroscopy, and LIDAR. In conjunction with careful measurements of instrumental throughput, atmospheric transmission measurements should allow next-generation imaging surveys to produce photometry of unprecedented precision. Our primary concerns are the real-time determination of aerosol scattering and absorption by water along the line of sight, both of which can vary over the course of a night's observations.
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