磁场如何进入热流：涨落能斯特效应的应用
How Magnetic Field Enters Heat Current: Application to Fluctuation Nernst Effect
摘要：
热磁现象中热输运的定义问题在60年代后期已得到很好的认识，但至今仍未得到解决。忽略这个问题，许多最近的理论严重高估了强相互作用系统的热磁系数。在这里，我们开发了一个规范不变的微观方法，这表明，热传递应该包括电子和磁场之间的相互作用的能量。我们还证明了磁场引起的表面电流在能斯特效应中传递电荷，而在艾丁斯豪森效应中不传递热量。只有在这两种情况下，物理可测的热磁系数才满足Onsager关系。我们批判性地修正了高斯涨落模型以上的超导转变，并表明规范不变性唯一的费米液体中的热磁现象与粒子-空穴不对称性。
英文摘要：
A problem of the definition of the heat transported in thermomagnetic phenomena has been well realized in the late sixties, but not solved up to date. Ignoring this problem, numerous recent theories grossly overestimate the thermomagnetic coefficients in strongly interacting systems. Here we develop a gauge-invariant microscopic approach, which shows that the heat transfer should include the energy of the interaction between electrons and a magnetic field. We also demonstrate that the surface currents induced by the magnetic field transfer the charge in the Nernst effect, but do not transfer the heat in the Ettingshausen effect. Only with these two modifications of the theory, the physically measurable thermomagnetic coefficients satisfy the Onsager relation. We critically revised the Gaussian fluctuation model above the superconducting transition and show that the gauge invariance uniquely relates thermomagnetic phenomena in the Fermi liquid with the particle-hole asymmetry.
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