We investigate the dynamical evolution of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) in typical scattered disk orbits (scattered TNOs) by performing simulations using several thousand particles lying initially on Neptune-encountering orbits. We explore the role of resonance sticking in the scattered disk, a phenomenon characterized by multiple temporary resonance captures ('resonances' refers to external mean motion resonances with Neptune, which can be described in the form r:s, where the arguments r and s are integers). First, all scattered TNOs evolve through intermittent temporary resonance capture events and gravitational scattering by Neptune. Each scattered TNO experiences tens to hundreds of resonance captures over a period of 4 Gyr, which represents about 38% of the object's lifetime (mean value). Second, resonance sticking plays an important role at semimajor axes a < 250 AU, where the great majority of such captures occurred. It is noteworthy that the stickiest (i.e., dominant) resonances in the scattered disk are located within this distance range and are those possessing the lowest argument s. This was evinced by r:1, r:2 and r:3 resonances, which played the greatest role during resonance sticking evolution, often leading to captures in several of their neighboring resonances. Finally, the timescales and likelihood of temporary resonance captures are roughly proportional to resonance strength. The dominance of low s resonances is also related to the latter. In sum, resonance sticking has an important impact on the evolution of scattered TNOs, contributing significantly to the longevity of these objects.
The First Detection of Spatially Resolved Mid-Infrared Scattered Light from a Protoplanetary Disk
我们报告空间分辨11.8微米的图像,在W。M.凯克10米望远镜,围绕前主序星HK Tau B的原行星盘。HK Tau B相对于HK Tau A的中红外形态和天体测量表明,在HK Tau B的中红外观测到的通量已经从其近边缘的盘的上表面散射。这是第一个在中红外波长的散射光中观察到的原行星盘的例子。蒙特卡罗模拟表明,该盘的范围(半高宽=0。“5,或70天文单位)的散射光星云在中红外线是非常敏感的尘埃大小分布。11.8微米的测量值可以通过包含尺寸在1.5-3微米量级的颗粒的尘埃颗粒群来最好地建模;仅具有亚微米颗粒尺寸或延伸超过5微米的幂律尺寸分布的颗粒群不能再现所观察到的形态。这些颗粒明显大于ISM中的预期,这意味着颗粒生长已经发生;这种生长是尘埃盘本身演化的结果,还是最初发生在暗云中仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。
Raman Scattered O VI $λ$ 6825 and the Accretion Disk Emission Model in the Symbiotic Stars V1016 Cygni and HM Sagittae
利用Bohyunsan光学阶梯摄谱仪(BOES)获得了天鹅座V1016和人马座HM的高分辨率光谱,并研究了O VI 6825的双峰非对称拉曼散射轮廓.通过采用风吸积盘模型,我们假设OVI发射区由开普勒薄盘描述。拉曼散射发生在巨星附近的中性区域,以缓慢的恒星风的形式出现,其中一部分被来自热白矮星的强烈紫外线辐射电离。使用蒙特卡罗技术,我们计算的线的配置文件,调制的慢球形恒星风从巨大的组件与电离前近似的双曲面。为了说明的不对称性和存在的中央倾角的配置文件,我们添加了一个O VI共振散射区域之间的热白矮星和巨星,这阻碍了轻微的蓝色O VI光子的H I区域的入射。整体良好的拟合观测数据得到从我们的模型,这有助于支持吸积盘发射模型在这些对象。V1016 Cyg的最佳拟合参数是$v_o=30{\rm km s^{-1}}$、$v_\infty=11{\rm km s^{-1}}$和$v_{c}=10{\rm km s^{-1}}$,其中$v_o$、$v_\infty$和$v_{c}$分别是外盘边缘的速度、巨风的终端速度和沿双星轴的共振散射OVI区的速度分量。对于HM Sge,获得类似的拟合参数$v_o=27{\rm km s^{-1}}$、$v_\infty=10{\rm km s^{-1}}$和$v_{c}=9{\rm km s^{-1}}$。我们还调查了一个热点的影响,是众所周知的吸积盘在…
On a Scattered-Disk Origin for the 2003 El61 Collisional Family - an Example of the Importance of Collisions on the Dynamics of Small Bodies
最近在柯伊伯带发现的2003 EL 61碰撞族(Brown等人,2007年)是令人惊讶的,因为这样一个家庭的形成是一个非常不可能的事件在今天的带。假设Brown et al.的估计的祖先的大小,我们发现,柯伊伯带的对象参与这样的碰撞,因为原始时代的概率是小于约0.001。此外,碰撞不可能发生在大质量的原始柯伊伯带中,因为无论发生什么事件,该家族的动力学相干性都不会幸存下来。在这里,我们建议家庭是两个分散的磁盘对象之间的碰撞的结果。我们表明,两个这样的物体之间发生碰撞的概率与布朗等人(2007)所主张的大小相似,并且由此产生的家庭的质心在柯伊伯带的典型轨道上可以高达47%。考虑到这一估计中涉及的很大的不确定性,这一结果与存在一个这样的家庭是一致的。如果这是真的,这个结果的意义远远超出了单个碰撞家族的起源,因为它表明碰撞在塑造我们今天看到的小天体种群的动力学结构方面发挥了重要作用。