Philip S. Amanik, Gail C. McLaughlin
We analyze the prospect of measuring the neutron form factor of a nucleus through the detection of neutrino-nucleus coherent elastic scattering. We predict numbers of events in a liquid noble nuclear recoil detector at a stopped pion neutrino source. We discuss the precision required to distinguish between different theoretical models for the form factor.
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The differential elastic cross sections of $^{12}$C -- $^{12}$C and $^{11}$Li -- $^{12}$C nuclei are calculated in the complete Glauber theory. The role of the possible correlations connected to the shell effects in $^{11}$Li nucleus is considered.
The excitation of two particle-two hole final states in neutrino-nucleus scattering, not taken into account in Monte Carlo simulations for data analysis, has been advocated by many authors as the source of the excess cross section observed by the MiniBooNE collaboration in the quasi elastic channel. We analyse the mechanisms leading to the appearance of two particle-two hole states, and show that interference between the amplitudes involving one- and two-nucleon currents, not consistently included in existing calculations, plays a major role. A novel approach allowing to treat one- and two-nuc…
Two relativistic approaches to charged-current quasielastic neutrino-nucleus scattering are illustrated and compared: one is phenomenological and based on the superscaling behavior of electron scattering data and the other relies on the microscopic description of nuclear dynamics in relativistic mean field theory. The role of meson exchange currents in the two-particle two-hole sector is explored. The predictions of the models for differential and total cross sections are presented and compared with the MiniBooNE data.
In this article, we study the coherent pion production in neutrino-nucleus interaction in the resonance region using the formalism based on partially conserved axial current (PCAC) theorem which relates the neutrino-nucleus cross section to the pion-nucleus elastic cross section. The pion nucleus elastic cross section is calculated using the Glauber model in terms of pion-nucleon cross sections obtained by parameterizing the experimental data. We calculate the differential and integrated cross sections for charged current coherent pion production in neutrino carbon scattering. The results of i…
Quasielastic double differential neutrino cross sections can be obtained in a phenomenological model based on the superscaling behavior of electron scattering data. In this talk the superscaling approach (SuSA) is reviewed and its validity is tested in a relativistic shell model. Results including meson exchange currents for the kinematics of the MiniBoone experiment are presented.
Coherent $γ^*$-nucleus scattering and coherent nuclear states
本研究在MV模型框架下于$A_-=0$规范计算虚光子与大核的相干散射，发现饱和区相干反应等于非弹性反应，且核波函数为零动量色单态夸克对的相干态，半数夸克来自此类对。
The effects of charge symmetry breaking in nucleon electromagnetic form factors on parity- violating elastic electron-12C scattering is studied, and found to be much smaller than other known effects. The analysis of a planned experiment is discussed.
A parton picture of inclusive quasi-elastic electron-nucleus scattering, where individual nucleons are treated as (non point-like) partons of the nucleus, is presented. All the necessary target-mass corrections to asymptotic scaling are evaluated and a new scaling variable is obtained. Recent inclusive data from Jefferson Lab are analyzed and shown to scale in terms of the new variable. The new approach allows to extract in a model-independent way the nucleon light-cone momentum distribution in the nucleus.
We study the quasi--elastic contribution to the inclusive $(ν_l,ν_l N)$, $(ν_l,l^- N)$, $({\bar ν}_l,{\bar ν}_l N)$ and $({\bar ν}_l,l^+ N)$ reactions in nuclei using a Monte Carlo simulation method to account for the rescattering of the outgoing nucleon. As input, we take the reaction probability from the microscopical many body framework developed in Phys. Rev. {\bf C70} (2004) 055503 for charged-current induced reactions, while for neutral currents we use results from a natural extension of the model described in that reference. The nucleon emission process studied here is a clear signal fo…
A view of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering
本文综述相干弹性中微子-原子核散射的物理，涵盖中子分布半径、弱混合角及新物理中微子相互作用的测量结果与前景。
Heavy nuclei at collider energies are a source of high energy Weizsaecker-Williams photons. This photon flux may be utilized to study high energy photon-nucleus interactions. Here we concentrate on the coherent diffractive production of heavy vector mesons on nuclear targets and show how it probes the unintegrated glue of the nucleus in the saturation domain. We present predictions for rapidity distributions of exclusive coherent J/Psi and Upsilon mesons which can be measured by the ALICE experiment at the LHC.
The quasi-elastic contribution of the nuclear inclusive electron scattering model developed in A. Gil, J. Nieves, and E. Oset: Nucl. Phys. A 627 (1997) 543; is extended to the study of electroweak Charged Current (CC) induced nuclear reactions at intermediate energies of interest for future neutrino oscillation experiments. The model accounts for long range nuclear (RPA) correlations, Final State Interaction and Coulomb corrections. RPA correlations are shown to play a crucial role in the whole range of neutrino energies, up to 500 MeV, studied in this work. Predictions for inclusive muon capt…
In this article, we present the charged and neutral current coherent pion production in the neutrino-nucleus interaction in the resonance region using the formalism based on the partially conserved axial current (PCAC) theorem which relates the neutrino-nucleus cross section to the pion-nucleus elastic cross section. The pion nucleus elastic cross section is calculated using the Glauber model approach. We calculate the integrated cross sections for neutrino-carbon, neutrino-iron and neutrino-oxygen scattering. The results of integrated cross-section calculations are compared with the measured …
We calculate LSP-nucleus elastic scattering cross sections using some representative input in the restricted SUSY parameter space. The coherent matrix elements are computed throughout the periodic table while the spin matrix elements for the proposed $^{207}Pb$ target which has a rather simple nuclear structure. The results are compared to those given from other cold dark matter detection targets.
We present a study of coherent pion production in neutrino-nucleus interactions using the formalism based on partially conserved axial current theorem which connects the neutrino-nucleus cross section to the pion-nucleus elastic scattering cross section. Pion-nucleus elastic scattering cross section is calculated using Glauber model which takes three inputs, nuclear densities, pion-nucleon cross section and $α_{πN}$ which is the ratio of real to imaginary part of $πN$ forward scattering amplitude, for which the parametrizations are obtained from measured data. We calculate the differential and…
Rescattering following a neutrino-nucleus reaction changes the number, energy, and direction of detectable hadrons. In turn, this affects the selection and kinematic distributions of subsamples of neutrino events used for interaction or oscillation analysis. This technical note focuses on three forms of two-body rescattering. Elastic hadron+nucleus scattering primarily changes the direction of the hadron with very little energy transfer. Secondly, a hadron+nucleon quasi-elastic process leads to the knockout of a single struck nucleon, possibly with charge exchange between the two hadrons. Also…
Rates of coherent neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering at a high-intensity stopped-pion neutrino source in various detector materials (relevant for novel low-threshold detectors) are calculated. Sensitivity of a coherent neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering experiment to new physics is also explored.
Coherent elastic neutrino scattering on the 40Ar nucleus is computed with coupled-cluster theory based on nuclear Hamiltonians inspired by effective field theories of quantum chromodynamics. Our approach is validated by calculating the charge form factor and comparing it to data from electron scattering. We make predictions for the weak form factor, the neutron radius, and the neutron skin, and estimate systematic uncertainties. The neutron-skin thickness of 40Ar40 is consistent with results from density functional theory. Precision measurements from coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scatterin…
The momentum transfer dependence of the LSP-nucleus elastic scattering cross sections is studied. New imput SUSY parameters obtained in a phenomenologically allowed parameter space are used to calculate the coherent rate for various nuclear systems and the spin matrix elements for the proposed $^{207}Pb$ target. The results are compared to those obtained from other cold dark matter detection targets.
Azimuthal asymmetry in exclusive quasi-elastic neutrino-nucleus interactions
本文推导了准弹性散射中方位角分布的普遍形式，发现出射核子倾向于在轻子散射平面外发射，这种不对称性由弱相互作用中的宇称破坏引起，并受核模型选择和初始核壳结构影响，为能量重建提供了新信息来源。
The Quasi-Elastic (QE) contribution of the nuclear inclusive electron scattering model developed in Nucl. Phys. A627 (1997) 543 is extended to the study of electroweak Charged Current (CC) induced nuclear reactions, at intermediate energies of interest for future neutrino oscillation experiments. The model accounts for, among other nuclear effects, long range nuclear (RPA) correlations, Final State Interaction (FSI) and Coulomb corrections. Predictions for the inclusive muon capture in $^{12}$C and the reaction $^{12}$C $(ν_μ,μ^-)X$ near threshold are also given. RPA correlations are shown to …
We argue that high energy proton-nucleus (p+A) collisions provide an excellent laboratory for studying nuclear size enhanced parton multiple scattering where power corrections to the leading twist perturbative QCD factorization approach can be systematically computed. We identify and resum these corrections and calculate the centrality and rapidity dependent nuclear suppression of single and double inclusive hadron production at moderate transverse momenta. We demonstrate that both spectra and dihadron correlations in p+A reactions are sensitive measures of such dynamical nuclear attenuation e…
Momentum-space second-order pion-nucleus potential including medium effects in the $Δ(1232)$ region
本文在动量空间扭曲波冲量近似下构建了包含介质效应的二阶π-核势，通过拟合π-12C散射数据确定参数，并成功预测了π在16O、28Si和40Ca上的弹性散射。
We carry out a relativistic calculation of the cross sections of electron-16O and -12C quasi-elastic scattering and quasi-free Delta production and compare with the (e,e') data systematically in the wide energy range of 0.5 - 1.5 GeV. Using the same formalism, we examine the mu-neutrino quasi-elastic scattering from 16O. The model incorporating the nuclear correlation effects agrees better with the electron-nucleus scattering data than a uniform Fermi-Gas model. In the neutrino quasi-elastic scattering, the nuclear correlation has an appreciable effect on the cross section of high-energy scatt…
Interpretation of current and future neutrino oscillation and electron scattering experiments requires knowledge of lepton-nucleon and lepton-nucleus interactions at the percent level. We study the exchange of photons between charged particles and the nuclear medium for (anti)neutrino-, electron-, and muon-induced reactions inside a large nucleus. While quantum electrodynamics (QED)-medium contributions are formally suppressed by two powers of the electromagnetic coupling constant $α$ when compared to the leading-order cross sections, low-energy modes and the nuclear size enhance the effect by…
The coherent production of the nP states of the $π^+π^-$ atoms ($A_{2π}$) in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions is considered as a possible source of the $A_{2π}(nP)$ beam for the pionium Lamb-shift measurement. A general expression for estimation of the $A_{2π}(nP)$ yield is derived in the framework of the equivalent photon approximation.
Recent proposals for the use of light nuclei as dark matter direct detection targets necessitate a strong theoretical understanding of the nuclear physics involved. We perform relevant calculations for dark matter-light nucleus scattering in a combined pionless effective field theory and large-$N_c$ expansion, where $N_c$ is the number of quark colors. We include a general set of one-nucleon currents that have been used in other effective theories, as well as novel two-nucleon contact currents. First, we obtain constraints for the relative sizes of the dark matter couplings to the one- and two…
The event rates for WIMP-nucleus and neutrino-nucleus scattering processes, expected to be detected in ton-scale rare-event detectors, are investigated. We focus on nuclear isotopes that correspond to the target nuclei of current and future experiments looking for WIMP- and neutrino-nucleus events. The nuclear structure calculations, performed in the context of the deformed shell model, are based on Hartree-Fock intrinsic states with angular momentum projection and band mixing for both the elastic and the inelastic channels. Our predictions in the high-recoil-energy tail show that detectable d…
A new approach to deal with the scattering amplitudes in Glauber theory is proposed. It relies on the use of generating function, that has been explicitly found. The method is applied to the analytical calculation of the nucleus-nucleus elastic scattering amplitudes in the all interaction orders of the Glauber theory.
Detailed nuclear structure calculations for coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering
为提升CEvNS实验对新物理的探测能力，本文基于强子流一致理论结合核壳模型计算核形状因子，优化标准模型预测，使不确定性降低最多10倍，增强了实验灵敏度。
In this paper, we revisit the expressions for the (double) differential event rates for elastic WIMP-nucleus scattering and discuss some unusual thoughts on (the incompleteness of) the uses of these expressions in (directional) direct Dark Matter detection physics. Several not-frequently mentioned (but important) issues will be argued and demonstrated in detail.
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering is a powerful probe of neutrino properties, in particular of the neutrino charge radii. We present the bounds on the neutrino charge radii obtained from the analysis of the data of the COHERENT experiment. We show that the time information of the COHERENT data allows us to restrict the allowed ranges of the neutrino charge radii. We also obtained for the first time bounds on the neutrino transition charge radii, which are quantities beyond the Standard Model.
We study the elastic scattering of the lightest neutralino with a nucleus in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) with explicit flavor preserving CP violation, including the one-loop CP-violating neutral Higgs-boson mixing effects induced dominantly by the CP phases in the top and bottom (s)quark sectors. We construct the most general form of the effective Lagrangian for the neutralino-nucleus scattering in the limit of vanishing momentum transfers and then we perform a comprehensive analysis of the effects of the complex CP phases on the mass spectra of the lighte…
Neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering provides a unique laboratory to study the quantum mechanical coherency effects in electroweak interactions, towards which several experimental programs are being actively pursued. We report results of our quantitative studies on the transitions towards decoherency. A parameter ($α$) is identified to describe the degree of coherency, and its variations with incoming neutrino energy, detector threshold and target nucleus are studied. The ranges of $α$ which can be probed with realistic neutrino experiments are derived, indicating complementarity between projec…
We study coherent pion production in neutrino-nucleus scattering in the energy region relevant to the recent neutrino oscillation experiments. Our approach is based on the combined use of the Sato-Lee model and the Delta-hole model. Our initial numerical results are compared with the recent data from K2K and SciBooNE.
Several experimental proposals expect to confirm the recent measurement of the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS). Motivated in particular by the next generation experiments of the COHERENT collaboration, we study their sensitivity to different tests of the Standard Model and beyond. We analyze the resolution that can be achieved by each future proposed detector in the measurement of the weak mixing angle; we also perform similar analysis in the context of Non-Standard Interaction (NSI) and in the case of an oscillation into a sterile neutrino state. We show that the future p…
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$ν$NS), a process recently measured for the first time at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source, is directly sensitive to the weak form factor of the nucleus. The European Spallation Source (ESS), presently under construction, will generate the most intense pulsed neutrino flux suitable for the detection of CE$ν$NS. In this paper we quantify its potential to determine the root mean square radius of the point-neutron distribution, for a variety of target nuclei and a suite of detectors. To put our results in context we also derive, for the first time, …
T-violating P-even magnetism is considered. The magnetism arises from the T-violating P-conserving vertex of a spin 1/2 particle interaction with the electromagnetic field. The vertex varnishes for a particle on the mass shell. Considering the particle interaction with a point electric charge we have obtained the T-violating P-even spin dependent potential which is inversely proportional to the cubed distance from the charge. The matrix element of this potential is zero for particle states on the mass shell, nevertheless, the potential contributes to the T-odd P-even neutron forward elastic sc…
We study coherent pion production in neutrino-nucleus scattering in the energy region relevant to neutrino oscillation experiments of current interest. Our approach is based on a combined use of the Sato-Lee model of electroweak pion production on a nucleon and the Delta-hole model of pion-nucleus reactions. Thus we develop a model which describes pion-nucleus scattering and electroweak coherent pion production in a unified manner. Numerical calculations are carried out for the case of the 12C target. All the free parameters in our model are fixed by fitting to both total and elastic different…
The coherent contribution of all neutrons in neutrino nucleus scattering due to the neutral current is examined considering the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) as a source of neutrinos. SNS is a prolific pulsed source of electron and muon neutrinos as well as muon antineutrinos.
We examine the current constraints and future sensitivity of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CE$ν$NS) experiments to mixing scenarios involving a $Z^\prime$ which interacts via portals with the Standard Model. We contrast the results against those from fixed target, atomic parity violation, and solar neutrino experiments. We demonstrate a significant dependence of the experimental reach on the $Z'$ coupling non-universality and the complementarity of CE$ν$NS to existing searches.
We present recent measurements of neutrino charged current quasi-elastic (CC QE) scattering, nu_mu + p -> mu- + n. Measurements of CC QE on carbon near 1 GeV by MiniBooNE and SciBooNE, as well as measurements on iron at 3 GeV by MINOS, disagree with current interaction models, while measurements at higher energies on carbon by NOMAD show excellent agreement with those same models.
The COHERENT collaboration measured coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) for the first time at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, using a CsI[Na] detector. Here we discuss the nature of the CEvNS process, physics motivations, and experimental considerations for measuring CEvNS. We describe the CsI[Na] measurement, along with status and future of COHERENT.
We study the coherent final state interaction of an energetic parton produced in AA collisions caused by the change in the cutoff scale and running coupling constant from the vacuum to QGP. We demonstrate that the contribution of this new mechanism to the energy loss may be of the order of magnitude of the induced gluon radiation. However, an accurate evaluation of this medium effect is a difficult task because there is a strong cancellation between the cutoff and running coupling constant effects. The uncertainties in the contribution of the coherent final state interaction restrict strongly …
Development of large mass detectors for low-energy neutrinos and dark matter may allow supernova detection via neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering. An elastic-scattering detector could observe a few, or more, events per ton for a galactic supernova at 10 kpc ($3.1 \times 10^{20}$ m). This large yield, a factor of at least 20 greater than that for existing light-water detectors, arises because of the very large coherent cross section and the sensitivity to all flavors of neutrinos and antineutrinos. An elastic scattering detector can provide important information on the flux and spectrum of $ν_…
We discuss the role of $c \bar c g$-Fock states in the diffractive photoproduction of $J/ψ$-mesons. We build on our earlier description of the process in the color-dipole approach, where we took into account the rescattering of $c \bar c$ pairs using a Glauber-Gribov form of the dipole-nucleus amplitude. We compare the results of our calculations to recent data on the photoproduction of $J/ψ$ by the ALICE and LHCb collaborations.
Probing active-sterile neutrino transition magnetic moment on coherent elastic solar neutrino-nucleus scattering
本文利用太阳中微子相干弹性散射和CDEX-10数据限制活性-惰性中微子跃迁磁矩，并给出未来灵敏度预测，可探索质量达约10 MeV的惰性中微子新参数空间。
We explore the potential of current and next generation of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$ν$NS) experiments in probing neutrino electromagnetic interactions. On the basis of a thorough statistical analysis, we determine the sensitivities on each component of the Majorana neutrino transition magnetic moment (TMM), $\left \vert Λ_i \right \vert$, that follow from low-energy neutrino-nucleus experiments. We derive the sensitivity to neutrino TMM from the first CE$ν$NS measurement by the COHERENT experiment, at the Spallation Neutron Source. We also present results for the next p…
Comment on "Final CONUS results on coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering at the Brokdorf reactor"
本文评论Ackermann等人关于CONUS最终结果的研究，指出其论证存在多处遗漏与缺陷，并缺少支撑结论的关键信息。
We consider the production of a new MeV-scale fermion in coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. The effect on the measurable nucleon recoil spectrum is calculated. Assuming that the new fermion couples to neutrinos and quarks via a singlet scalar, we set limits on its mass and coupling using COHERENT data and also determine the sensitivity of the CONUS experiment. We investigate the possible connection of the new fermion to neutrino mass generation. The possibility of the new fermion being the dark matter particle is also studied.
We present new constraints on three different models, the so-called universal, $B-L$ and $L_μ-L_τ$ models, involving a yet to be observed light vector $Z'$ mediator, by exploiting the recent observation of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$ν$NS) in argon and cesium-iodide performed by the COHERENT Collaboration. We compare the results obtained from a combination of the above data sets with the limits derived from searches in fixed target, accelerator, solar neutrino and reactor CE$ν$NS experiments, and with the parameter region that could explain the anomalous magnetic moment of…
Atomic Parity Violation (APV) is usually quantified in terms of the weak nuclear charge $Q_W$ of a nucleus, which depends on the coupling strength between the atomic electrons and quarks. In this work, we review the importance of APV to probing new physics using effective field theory. Furthermore, using $SU(2)$ invariance, we correlate our findings with those from neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering. Moreover, we investigate signs of parity violation in polarized electron scattering and show how precise measurements on the Weinberg angle, $\sin θ_W$, will give rise to competitive bounds on l…
In this paper, as the first part of the third step of our study on developing data analysis procedures for using 3-dimensional information offered by directional direct Dark Matter detection experiments in the future, we present our double-Monte Carlo "scattering-by-scattering" simulation of the 3-dimensional elastic WIMP-nucleus scattering process, which can provide 3-D velocity information (the magnitude, the direction, and the incoming/scattering time) of each incident halo WIMP as well as the recoil direction and the recoil energy of the scattered target nucleus in different celestial coor…
We study the sensitivity of detectors with directional sensitivity to coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$ν$NS), and how these detectors complement measurements of the nuclear recoil energy. We consider stopped pion and reactor neutrino sources, and use gaseous helium and fluorine as examples of detector material. We generate Standard Model predictions, and compare to scenarios that include new, light vector or scalar mediators. We show that directional detectors can provide valuable additional information in discerning new physics, and we identify prominent spectral features in b…
The CENNS-10 experiment of the COHERENT collaboration has recently reported the first detection of coherent-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) in liquid Argon with more than $3 σ$ significance. In this work, we exploit the new data in order to probe various interesting parameters which are of key importance to CEvNS within and beyond the Standard Model. A dedicated statistical analysis of these data shows that the current constraints are significantly improved in most cases. We derive a first measurement of the neutron rms charge radius of Argon, and also an improved determination of …
After the first measurement of the coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering (CENNS) by the COHERENT Collaboration, it is expected that new experiments will confirm the observation. Such measurements will allow to put stronger constraints or discover new physics as well as to probe the Standard Model by measuring its parameters. This is the case of the weak mixing angle at low energies, which could be measured with an increased precision in future results of CENNS experiments using, for example, reactor antineutrinos. In this work we analyze the physics potential of different proposals for …
Neutrino-nucleus $νA\to νA$ and antineutrino-nucleus $\barνA\to \barνA$ interactions, when the nucleus conserves its integrity, are discussed with coherent (elastic) and incoherent (inelastic) scattering regimes taken into account. In the first regime the nucleus remains in the same quantum state after the scattering and the cross-section depends on the quadratic number of nucleons. In the second regime the nucleus changes its quantum state and the cross-section has an essentially linear dependence on the number of nucleons. The coherent and incoherent cross-sections are driven by a nuclear nu…
Sensitivity study of a sapphire detector using Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering process
本文通过唯象学研究评估了印度ICNSE蓝宝石探测器在一年曝光下对弱混合角、中微子电磁性质及新相互作用的灵敏度，发现其对标量和矢量介质质量能施加更强约束。
Experiments aiming to detect coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering present opportunities to probe new light weakly-coupled states, such as sub-GeV mass dark matter, in several extensions of the Standard Model. These states can be produced along with neutrinos in the collisions of protons with the target, and their production rate can be enhanced if there exists a light mediator produced on-shell. We analyze the sensitivity reach of several proposed experiments to light dark matter interacting with the Standard Model via a light vector mediator coupled to the electromagnetic current. We also det…
The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently finishing its construction, will soon provide the most intense neutron beams for multi-disciplinary science. At the same time, it will also produce a high-intensity neutrino flux with an energy suitable for precision measurements of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering. We describe some physics prospects, within and beyond the Standard Model, of employing innovative detector technologies to take the most out of this large flux. We show that, compared to current measurements, the ESS will provide a much more precise understanding of neutri…
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