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arXiv 0707.2614astro-ph
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X-MAS2:ICM金属丰度测量的研究系统

X-MAS2: Study Systematics on the ICM Metallicity Measurements

E. Rasia, P. Mazzotta, H. Bourdin, S. Borgani, L. Tornatore, S. Ettori, K. Dolag, L. Moscardini

摘要:

由于具有出色空间和光谱分辨率的强大X射线望远镜的可用性,ICM金属丰度的X射线测量变得越来越频繁。从α元素的测量中可以提取的信息,如氧,镁和硅相对于铁丰度的信息对于更好地理解恒星的形成及其演化历史是非常重要的。在本文中,我们探讨了可能的来源连接到等离子体物理时,从X射线光谱恢复金属丰度的偏压。为此,我们分析了6个模拟的星系团,这些星系团是通过我们的X射线MAp模拟器的新版本处理的,该模拟器允许创建模拟XMM-牛顿EPIC MOS 1和MOS 2观测。通过比较光谱结果和输入值,我们发现:i)Fe在热(T>3 keV)和冷(T<2keV)系统中都得到了高精度的恢复,但是在中间温度,我们发现了一个依赖于计数的系统高估; ii)O在冷系统中得到了很好的恢复,而在热系统中其测量可能被高估2-3倍; iii)作为弱线,Mg的测量总是困难的;尽管如此,对于冷系统(T<2 keV),我们没有发现任何系统行为,而对于非常热的系统(T>5 keV),光谱测量可能被强烈高估高达4倍; iv)Si对于我们样品中的所有簇都被很好地恢复。我们详细研究了系统效应和偏差的性质,得出的结论是,它们主要与投影观测光谱的多温度性质和XMM-牛顿EPIC光谱分辨率的固有限制有关,这种限制并不总是允许在不同元素产生的发射线之间解开。

英文摘要:

(Abridged)The X-ray measurements of the ICM metallicity are becoming more frequent due to the availability of powerful X-ray telescope with excellent spatial and spectral resolutions. The information which can be extracted from the measurements of the alpha-elements, like Oxygen, Magnesium and Silicon with respect to the Iron abundance is extremely important to better understand the stellar formation and its evolutionary history. In this paper we investigate possible source of bias connected to the plasma physics when recovering metal abundances from X-ray spectra. To do this we analyze 6 simulated galaxy clusters processed through the new version of our X-ray MAp Simulator, which allows to create mock XMM-Newton EPIC MOS1 and MOS2 observations. By comparing the spectroscopic results to the input values we find that: i) Fe is recovered with high accuracy for both hot (T>3 keV) and cold (T<2 keV) systems; at intermediate temperatures, however, we find a systematic overestimate which depends on the number counts; ii) O is well recovered in cold clusters, while in hot systems its measure may overestimate by a factor up to 2-3; iii) Being a weak line, the measurement of Mg is always difficult; despite of this, for cold systems (T<2 keV) we do not find any systematic behavior, while for very hot systems (T>5 keV) the spectroscopic measurement may be strongly overestimated up to a factor of 4; iv) Si is well recovered for all the clusters in our sample. We investigate in detail the nature of the systematic effects and biases found. We conclude that they are mainly connected with the multi-temperature nature of the projected observed spectra and to the intrinsic limitation of the XMM-Newton EPIC spectral resolution that does not always allow to disentangle among the emission lines produced by different elements.

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