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arXiv 0802.2224astro-ph
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流体动力学模拟团簇内介质金属含量的演化

Evolution of the metal content of the intra-cluster medium with hydrodynamical simulations

D. Fabjan, L. Tornatore, S. Borgani, A. Saro, K. Dolag

摘要:

我们提出了一个比较模拟结果和X射线观测数据的演化的金属丰度的集群内介质(ICM)。对星系团的模拟是用Tree-SPH Gadget 2程序进行的,该程序包括一个详细的化学演化模型,并假设三种不同形状的恒星初始质量函数(IMF),即Salpeter(1955)、Kroupa(2001)和Arimoto-Yoshii(1987)IMF。我们的模拟预测显着的径向梯度的铁丰度,延伸到整个集群维里化区域。在更大的半径,我们没有检测到任何平坦的金属丰度轮廓。至于ICM金属(铁)丰度到z=1的演化,我们发现它是由(i)已经富集的气体下沉,(ii)星系中正在进行的金属生产和(iii)ICM金属锁定在新生恒星中的综合作用决定的。因此,在z=1时停止恒星的形成,并不能抑制金属丰度的演化,反而会导致发射加权ICM金属丰度演化过快,在低红移时数值过高。最后,我们将模拟结果与观测到的每单位B波段光度的Ia型超新星发生率(SnU_B)进行比较。我们发现,我们的模拟集群不再现SnU_B的下降趋势,在低红移,除非恒星形成截断z=1。

英文摘要:

We present a comparison between simulation results and X-ray observational data on the evolution of the metallicity of the intra-cluster medium (ICM). The simulations of galaxy clusters were performed with the Tree-SPH Gadget2 code that includes a detailed model of chemical evolution, by assuming three different shapes for the stellar initial mass function (IMF), namely the Salpeter (1955), Kroupa (2001) and Arimoto-Yoshii (1987) IMF. Our simulations predict significant radial gradients of the Iron abundance, which extend over the whole cluster virialized region. At larger radii, we do not detect any flattening of the metallicity profiles. As for the evolution of the ICM metal (Iron) abundance out to z=1, we find that it is determined by the combined action of (i) the sinking of already enriched gas, (ii) the ongoing metal production in galaxies and (iii) the locking of ICM metals in newborn stars. As a result, rather than suppressing the metallicity evolution, stopping star formation at z=1 has the effect of producing an even too fast evolution of the emission-weighted ICM metallicity with too high values at low redshift. Finally, we compare simulations with the observed rate of type-Ia supernovae per unit B-band luminosity (SnU_B). We find that our simulated clusters do not reproduce the decreasing trend of SnU_B at low redshift, unless star formation is truncated at z=1.

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