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arXiv 0707.2292astro-phgr-qc
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具有线性状态方程的相对论性恒星:与经典等温球和黑洞的类比

Relativistic stars with a linear equation of state: analogy with classical isothermal spheres and black holes

Pierre-Henri Chavanis

摘要:

我们完成了我们以前的调查有关的结构和稳定性的“等温”球在广义相对论。这涉及由线性状态方程$P=qε$描述的对象,使得压力与能量密度成比例。在牛顿极限$q\to 0$中,这返回经典的等温状态方程。我们具体考虑了自引力辐射(q=1/3)、中子星核(q=1/3)和重子气体通过矢量介子场(q=1)的相互作用。我们研究了几何参数如何与物体的大小成比例,并发现由于系统的非扩展性而导致的不寻常行为。我们比较这些标度律与面积标度的黑洞熵。我们还确定这些标度律的有效性域通过计算临界半径以上的相对论性恒星描述的线性状态方程变得动态不稳定。对于光子星,我们证明了动力学稳定性和热力学稳定性的判据是一致的。考虑有限球,我们发现质量和熵作为中心密度的函数呈现阻尼振荡。我们给出了中心密度的临界值,对应于第一个质量峰,在此之上的系列平衡变得不稳定。最后,我们将结果推广到d维球面。我们证明了在临界尺寸d_{crit}(q)以上,质量随中心密度的振荡消失。对于牛顿等温星(q=0),我们恢复的临界尺寸d_{crit} =10。对于最硬的恒星(q=1),我们发现d_{crit} =9,对于自引力辐射(q=1/d),我们发现d_{crit} =9.96404372.非常接近10。最后给出了二维引力场中相对论性等温球的解析解。

英文摘要:

We complete our previous investigation concerning the structure and the stability of "isothermal" spheres in general relativity. This concerns objects that are described by a linear equation of state $P=qε$ so that the pressure is proportional to the energy density. In the Newtonian limit $q\to 0$, this returns the classical isothermal equation of state. We consider specifically a self-gravitating radiation (q=1/3), the core of neutron stars (q=1/3) and a gas of baryons interacting through a vector meson field (q=1). We study how the thermodynamical parameters scale with the size of the object and find unusual behaviours due to the non-extensivity of the system. We compare these scaling laws with the area scaling of the black hole entropy. We also determine the domain of validity of these scaling laws by calculating the critical radius above which relativistic stars described by a linear equation of state become dynamically unstable. For photon stars, we show that the criteria of dynamical and thermodynamical stability coincide. Considering finite spheres, we find that the mass and entropy as a function of the central density present damped oscillations. We give the critical value of the central density, corresponding to the first mass peak, above which the series of equilibria becomes unstable. Finally, we extend our results to d-dimensional spheres. We show that the oscillations of mass versus central density disappear above a critical dimension d_{crit}(q). For Newtonian isothermal stars (q=0) we recover the critical dimension d_{crit}=10. For the stiffest stars (q=1) we find d_{crit}=9 and for a self-gravitating radiation (q=1/d) we find d_{crit}=9.96404372... very close to 10. Finally, we give analytical solutions of relativistic isothermal spheres in 2D gravity.

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