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arXiv 0804.3743astro-ph
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等温球模型的二元Galerkin的强透镜效应

Strong Lensing by Binary Galaxies Modelled as Isothermal Spheres

E. M. Shin, N. W. Evans

摘要:

研究了理想化为两个等温球的双星星系的引力透镜问题。在一个宽的双星系统中,每个星系都有各自的切向焦散线、近星面焦散线和圆径向焦散线。当双星的间隔变小时,焦散线经历一系列的变形。当切向焦散合并以形成位于径向焦散内部的单个六尖焦散时,发生第一次变形。在更小的分离处,六尖焦散线经历第二次变形,分裂成一个四尖焦散线和两个三尖焦散线,在它们再次扩大并垂直于双星轴远离原点之前,它们缩小到零大小(椭圆脐灾难)。最后,当三尖焦散加入径向焦散时发生第三次变形,留下由两个外部焦散包围的内部扭曲星形焦散。最大图像数量为7。根据临界等时线对多重成像进行分类,只有8种可能性:2种三像病例,3种五像病例和3种七像病例。当等温球奇异时,球核像消失在中心奇异点中。图像的数量可以是1、2、3、4或5,这取决于源的位置,以及这对透镜星系的距离和质量。在这种情况下,可以分析出变形的位置以及三倍和五倍多重成像的开始。

英文摘要:

We study the problem of gravitational lensing by binary galaxies, idealized as two isothermal spheres. In a wide binary, each galaxy possesses individual tangential, nearly astroidal, caustics and roundish radial caustics. As the separation of the binary is made smaller, the caustics undergo a sequence of metamorphoses. The first metamorphosis occurs when the tangential caustics merge to form a single six-cusped caustic, lying interior to the radial caustics. At still smaller separations, the six-cusped caustic undergoes the second metamorphosis and splits into a four-cusped caustic and two three-cusped caustics, which shrink to zero size (an elliptic umbilic catastrophe) before they enlarge again and move away from the origin perpendicular to the binary axis. Finally, a third metamorphosis occurs as the three-cusp caustics join the radial caustics, leaving an inner distorted astroid caustic enclosed by two outer caustics. The maximum number of images possible is 7. Classifying the multiple imaging according to critical isochrones, there are only 8 possibilities: 2 three-image cases, 3 five-image cases, and 3 seven-image cases. When the isothermal spheres are singular, the core images vanish into the central singularity. The number of images may then be 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, depending on the source location, and the separation and masses of the pair of lensing galaxies. The locations of metamorphoses, and the onset of threefold and fivefold multiple imaging, can be worked out analytically in this case.

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