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arXiv 0707.1024astro-ph
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面对观测的Ia型超新星的三维爆燃模型

A three-dimensional deflagration model for Type Ia supernovae confronted with observations

F. K. Roepke, W. Hillebrandt, W. Schmidt, J. C. Niemeyer, S. I. Blinnikov, P. A. Mazzali

摘要:

对Ia型超新星最常见的情形--质量为100亿克拉塞卡的C+O白矮星的热核爆炸进行了数值模拟。基本的建模是追求在一个自洽的方式,治疗的燃烧波作为一个湍流爆燃使用良好的测试方法开发的实验室燃烧和“大涡模拟”(LES)的概念为基础。这种一致性要求在分辨尺度上捕捉湍流级联的开始。这是通过在1024个$^3$移动网格上计算动态演化来实现的,这导致迄今为止进行的最佳分辨率的三维超新星Ia模拟,达到了目前超级计算机所能做到的极限。因此,该模型除了爆炸开始时的初始条件外没有自由参数,因此具有相当大的预测能力。我们的主要目标是确定在何种程度上这样的模拟可以解释观测到的正常超新星Ia。在以前分辨率较低的模拟和不太复杂的火焰模型的指导下,选择了产生合理强烈爆炸和足够数量的放射性镍的初始条件,以获得明亮的显示。我们表明,观测值确实匹配到一个合理的程度。特别是,良好的协议被发现与正常超新星Ia的光变曲线。此外,该模型再现了从光谱分析推断的丰度分层的一般特征。这表明它抓住了Ia超新星爆炸机制的主要特征。然而,我们也表明,即使是一个看似最好的选择纯爆燃模型的缺点,表明需要一个不同的核燃烧模式在晚些时候,也许过渡到低密度爆炸。

英文摘要:

A simulation of the thermonuclear explosion of a Chandrasekhar-mass C+O white dwarf, the most popular scenario of a type Ia supernova (SN Ia), is presented. The underlying modeling is pursued in a self-consistent way, treating the combustion wave as a turbulent deflagration using well tested methods developed for laboratory combustion and based on the concept of `large eddy simulations' (LES). Such consistency requires to capture the onset of the turbulent cascade on resolved scales. This is achieved by computing the dynamical evolution on a 1024$^3$ moving grid, which resulted in the best-resolved three-dimensional SN Ia simulation carried out thus far, reaching the limits of what can be done on present supercomputers. Consequently, the model has no free parameters other than the initial conditions at the onset of the explosion, and therefore it has considerable predictive power. Our main objective is to determine to which extent such a simulation can account for the observations of normal SNe Ia. Guided by previous simulations with less resolution and a less sophisticated flame model, initial conditions were chosen that yield a reasonably strong explosion and a sufficient amount of radioactive nickel for a bright display. We show that observables are indeed matched to a reasonable degree. In particular, good agreement is found with the light curves of normal SNe Ia. Moreover, the model reproduces the general features of the abundance stratification as inferred from the analysis of spectra. This indicates that it captures the main features of the explosion mechanism of SNe Ia. However, we also show that even a seemingly best-choice pure deflagration model has shortcomings that indicate the need for a different mode of nuclear burning at late times, perhaps the transition to a detonation at low density.

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