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arXiv 0707.0962cond-mat.stat-mech
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驱动开放系统中的熵涨落定理:在电子计数统计中的应用

Entropy fluctuation theorems in driven open systems: application to electron counting statistics

Massimiliano Esposito, Upendra Harbola, Shaul Mukamel

摘要:

由外部驱动的系统与多个储层交换能量和物质的动力学产生的总熵产由主方程描述,表示为三个贡献的总和,每个贡献对应于使系统脱离平衡的不同机制:非平衡初始条件,外部驱动和打破细致平衡。我们推导出三个积分涨落定理(FT),这些贡献,并表明,他们导致以下普遍的不等式:任意的非平衡变换总是产生的总熵产生的变化大于或等于一个产生的,如果变换是非常缓慢的。以前导出的波动定理可以恢复为特殊情况。我们展示了如何这些FT可以通过执行的电子计数统计数据进行实验测试,通过一个单级量子点耦合到两个水库与外部不同的化学势。熵概率分布模拟的驱动协议范围从绝热的突然切换限制。

英文摘要:

The total entropy production generated by the dynamics of an externally driven systems exchanging energy and matter with multiple reservoirs and described by a master equation is expressed as the sum of three contributions, each corresponding to a distinct mechanism for bringing the system out of equilibrium: nonequilibrium initial conditions, external driving, and breaking of detailed balance. We derive three integral fluctuation theorems (FTs) for these contributions and show that they lead to the following universal inequality: an arbitrary nonequilibrium transformation always produces a change in the total entropy production greater or equal than the one produced if the transformation is done very slowly (adiabatically). Previously derived fluctuation theorems can be recovered as special cases. We show how these FTs can be experimentally tested by performing the counting statistics of the electrons crossing a single level quantum dot coupled to two reservoirs with externally varying chemical potentials. The entropy probability distributions are simulated for driving protocols ranging from the adiabatic to the sudden switching limit.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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