结合X射线、Sunyaev-Zeldovich温度衰减和引力透镜图的星系团的反投影
On the deprojection of clusters of galaxies combining X-ray, Sunyaev-Zeldovich temperature decrement and gravitational lensing maps
摘要：
了解星系团的内在形状对于研究宇宙结构的形成和天体物理过程是非常重要的。三维结构的重建通常依赖于解投影的二维X射线、Sunyaev-Zeldovich（SZ）和/或引力透镜观测。如已知的，这些数据集的联合分析可以提供集群沿着视线的伸长以及其在天空平面中的长度和宽度。也可以推断出哈勃常数的无偏测量。由于一些内在的退化，从这样的投影数据集获得的观测约束是不够的，允许一个独特的反演。一般来说，投影图可以同时与长轴、扁轴和许多三轴构形兼容。甚至一个长星系团也可能被解释为一个扁星系，反之亦然。假设星系团是轴对称的，可能会高估固有的椭圆率，而系统总是看起来更圆的假设下，一个三轴星系团对准视线进行反演。在一般情况下，分析三轴集群下的扁长或扁圆假设可能会引入强烈的偏见，即使集群实际上是接近轴对称，而引入的系统学假设集群是对准的视线更受控制。
英文摘要：
Knowledge of the intrinsic shape of galaxy clusters is very important in investigating cosmic structure formation and astrophysical processes. The reconstruction of the 3-dimensional structure usually relies on deprojecting 2-dimensional X-ray, Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) and/or gravitational lensing observations. As known, a joint analysis of these data sets can provide the elongation of the cluster along the line of sight together with its length and width in the plane of the sky. An unbiased measurement of the Hubble constant can be also inferred. Due to some intrinsic degeneracies, the observational constraints obtained from such projected data-sets are not enough to allow an unique inversion. In general, the projected maps can be at the same time compatible with prolate, oblate and with many triaxial configurations. Even a prolate cluster might be interpreted as an oblate system and vice versa. Assuming that the cluster is axially symmetric is likely to overestimate the intrinsic ellipticity, whereas the system always looks rounder performing the inversion under the hypothesis of a triaxial cluster aligned with the line of sight. In general, analysing triaxial clusters under the prolate or oblate assumption may introduce strong biases even when the clusters are actually near to axial symmetry whereas the systematics introduced assuming the cluster to be aligned with the line of sight are more under control.
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