圣达菲光锥模拟项目：I。未来Sunyaev-Zel'dovich效应调查中的混淆和WHIM
The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: I. Confusion and the WHIM in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys
摘要：
我们提出了新一代模拟大天空覆盖范围（~100平方度）的Sunyaev-Zeldovich效应（SZE）集群调查的第一个结果，使用宇宙学自适应网格细化N-body/Hydro代码恩佐。我们模拟了一个非常大的体积（512^3h^{-3 $> Mpc^3），具有前所未有的动态范围。我们已经生成了模拟光锥，以匹配当前和未来的SZE仪器的分辨率和灵敏度。与许多以前的研究不同，我们的模拟包括了未束缚气体，宇宙中重子的一个可观的分数。我们发现，集群的视线重叠可能是一个重要的问题，在即将到来的单碟SZE调查。较小的束流测量（~1弧分）在5-10%的时间内有一个以上的大质量团簇，而像普朗克这样的较大束流实验在60%的时间内每个束流有多个团簇。我们探讨的贡献，未解决的晕和未结合的气体的SZE签名在最大减量。我们发现，在即将进行的调查中，平均每个物体的~16%来自星团外气体的贡献。这给综合SZE的推导值增加了偏差和分散，增加了准确校准聚类Y-M关系的难度。最后，我们发现在M > 5 × 10 ^{13} M_{\odot}的天体的SZE特征被移除的图像中，大约三分之一的SZE通量仍然保留。这种气体至少部分存在于温暖的热星系际介质（WHIM）中，并且可能在即将到来的SZE调查中被探测到。
英文摘要：
We present the first results from a new generation of simulated large sky coverage (~100 square degrees) Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (SZE) cluster surveys using the cosmological adaptive mesh refinement N-body/hydro code Enzo. We have simulated a very large (512^3h^{-3}Mpc^3) volume with unprecedented dynamic range. We have generated simulated light cones to match the resolution and sensitivity of current and future SZE instruments. Unlike many previous studies of this type, our simulation includes unbound gas, where an appreciable fraction of the baryons in the universe reside. We have found that cluster line-of-sight overlap may be a significant issue in upcoming single-dish SZE surveys. Smaller beam surveys (~1 arcmin) have more than one massive cluster within a beam diameter 5-10% of the time, and a larger beam experiment like Planck has multiple clusters per beam 60% of the time. We explore the contribution of unresolved halos and unbound gas to the SZE signature at the maximum decrement. We find that there is a contribution from gas outside clusters of ~16% per object on average for upcoming surveys. This adds both bias and scatter to the deduced value of the integrated SZE, adding difficulty in accurately calibrating a cluster Y-M relationship. Finally, we find that in images where objects with M > 5x10^{13} M_{\odot} have had their SZE signatures removed, roughly a third of the total SZE flux still remains. This gas exists at least partially in the Warm Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM), and will possibly be detectable with the upcoming generation of SZE surveys.
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