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arXiv 0707.0458cond-mat.stat-mech
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冷量子气体中的数涨落

Number fluctuations in cold quantum gases

G. E. Astrakharchik, R. Combescot, L. P. Pitaevskii

摘要:

在超冷气体中,许多实验使用原子成像作为基本的可观察性。所得到的图像在多个实现上进行平均,并且大多数情况下仅使用该平均值。直到最近,人们才开始测量噪声以提取物理信息。在本文中,我们研究了零温下这些气体中产生的量子噪声。我们限制自己的均匀的情况下,并研究在气体中的一个给定的体积内,更具体地说,在一个半径为$R$的球体内发现的粒子数的波动。我们证明了零温度涨落是不广泛的,在三维(或一维)系统中,主导项与球半径$R$的尺度为$R^2\ln R$(或$\ln R$)。我们系统地计算这个首阶之后的下一项。我们首先考虑可压缩超流体的一般情况。然后,我们研究了整个玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)-BCS交叉交叉,特别是弱相互作用玻色气体和自由费米气体的极限情况。

英文摘要:

In ultracold gases many experiments use atom imaging as a basic observable. The resulting image is averaged over a number of realizations and mostly only this average is used. Only recently the noise has been measured to extract physical information. In the present paper we investigate the quantum noise arising in these gases at zero temperature. We restrict ourselves to the homogeneous situation and study the fluctuations in particle number found within a given volume in the gas, and more specifically inside a sphere of radius $R$. We show that zero-temperature fluctuations are not extensive and the leading term scales with sphere radius $R$ as $R^2\ln R$ (or $\ln R$) in three- (or one-) dimensional systems. We calculate systematically the next term beyond this leading order. We consider first the generic case of a compressible superfluid. Then we investigate the whole Bose-Einstein-condensation (BEC)-BCS crossover crossover, and in particular the limiting cases of the weakly interacting Bose gas and of the free Fermi gas.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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