超导微环中持续电流的隧道谱
Tunneling spectroscopy of persistent currents in superconducting microrings
摘要：
结果表明，在一个结构组成的超导环形电极重叠的正常金属接触通过薄的氧化物屏障，隧道电流在磁场的测量可以探测持续电流的环。该效应表现为在固定偏置电压下作为垂直磁场的函数的通过结的隧道电流的周期性振荡。振荡的幅度取决于偏置点。它在接近超导能隙的能量eV处达到最大值，并随温度的升高而减小。以磁通量为单位的振荡周期dF既不等于h/e也不等于h/2 e，但对于较大的回路周长，明显超过这些值。这一现象可以用大涡度亚稳态的形成来解释。对势和超导态密度被亚临界持续电流周期性地调制，导致测量的隧道电流的相应变化。
英文摘要：
It is shown that in a structure consisting of a superconducting ring-shaped electrode overlapped by a normal metal contact through a thin oxide barrier, measurements of the tunnel current in magnetic field can probe persistent currents in the ring. The effect manifests itself as periodic oscillations of the tunnel current through the junction at a fixed bias voltage as function of perpendicular magnetic field. The magnitude of oscillations depends on bias point. It reaches maximum at energy eV which is close to the superconducting gap and decreases with increase of temperature. The period of oscillations dF in units of magnetic flux is equal neither to h/e nor to h/2e, but significantly exceeds these values for larger loop circumferences. The phenomenon is explained by formation of metastable states with large vorticity. The pairing potential and the superconducting density of states are periodically modulated by the persistent currents at sub-critical values resulting in corresponding variations of the measured tunnel current.
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