The Blackholic energy and the canonical Gamma-Ray Burst
Remo Ruffini, Maria Grazia Bernardini, Carlo Luciano Bianco, Letizia Caito, Pascal Chardonnet, Maria Giovanna Dainotti, Federico Fraschetti, Roberto Guida, Mich… 展开作者
Remo Ruffini, Maria Grazia Bernardini, Carlo Luciano Bianco, Letizia Caito, Pascal Chardonnet, Maria Giovanna Dainotti, Federico Fraschetti, Roberto Guida, Michael Rotondo, Gregory Vereshchagin, Luca Vitagliano, She-Sheng Xue
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163 pages, 89 figures, to appear on the "Proceedings of the XIIth Brazilian School of Cosmology and Gravitation", M. Novello, S.E. Perez-Bergliaffa (editors), AIP, in press
We outline the main results of our GRB model, based on the three interpretation paradigms we proposed in July 2001, comparing and contrasting them with the ones in the current literature. Thanks to the observations by Swift and by VLT, this analysis points to a "canonical GRB" originating from markedly different astrophysical scenarios. The communality is that they are all emitted in the formation of a black hole with small or null angular momentum. The following sequence appears to be canonical: the vacuum polarization process creating an optically thick self accelerating electron-positron plasma; the engulfment of baryonic mass during the plasma expansion; the adiabatic expansion of the optically thick "fireshell" up to the transparency; the interaction of the remaining accelerated baryons with the interstellar medium (ISM). This leads to the canonical GRB composed of a proper GRB (P-GRB), emitted at the moment of transparency, followed by an extended afterglow. The parameters are the plasma total energy, the fireshell baryon loading and the ISM filamentary distribution around the source. In the limit of no baryon loading the total energy is radiated in the P-GRB. In this limit, the canonical GRBs explain as well the short GRBs.
The Blackholic energy: long and short Gamma-Ray Bursts (New perspectives in physics and astrophysics from the theoretical understanding of Gamma-Ray Bursts, II)
Dust Sublimation and Fragmentation in the Circumburst Medium: Evidence for a Large, Massive Cloud Origin for Gamma-Ray Bursts with Dark Optical Afterglows
The distances to which the optical flash destroys dust via sublimation, and the burst and afterglow change the size distribution of the dust via fragmentation, are functions of grain size. Furthermore, the sublimation distance is a decreasing function of grain size, while the fragmentation distance is a decreasing function of grain size for large grains and an increasing function of grain size for small grains. We investigate how these very different, but somewhat complementary, processes change the optical depth of the circumburst medium. To this end, we adopt a canonical distribution of grap…
P星是由处于β平衡的上夸克和下夸克与色磁凝聚体中的电子组成的致密恒星。P型星可以用来解释像RXJ 1856.5-3754和RXJ 0720.4-3125这样的致密恒星，它们的半径可以和典型的中子星相比，也可以用来解释像SgrA* 这样的超大质量致密天体。我们讨论了具有超强偶极磁场的p-星，在文献中被称为磁星。我们表明，软伽马射线中继器和异常的X射线天体可以理解我们的理论。我们找到了一个定义明确的标准来区分旋转动力的磁共振。我们表明，毛刺，在我们的磁星是由磁耗散效应在内核中触发，解释了静态发射和爆发的软伽马射线中继器和异常的X射线辐射。我们能够解释SGR 1900+14的制动故障和AXP 1 E 2259+586的正常故障。我们讨论并解释了所观察到的硬度比和强度之间的反相关性。在我们的磁星理论中，我们能够定量地解释伽马射线中继器和异常X射线中继器的光变曲线。特别是，我们解释了2002年6月18日来自AXP 1 E 2259+586的巨大爆发后令人困惑的光变曲线，因此我们认为这最后一个事件是我们理论的罗塞塔石碑。最后，在附录中，我们不仅讨论了软γ射线重复源和异常X射线源的软发射的起源，而且还讨论了孤立X射线源的软发射的起源。我们还对1 E 1207.4-5209中令人困惑的光谱特征提供了解释。
