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arXiv 0705.4622astro-ph
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暗星系卫星的Keck/DEIMOS光谱巡天:寻找质量最小的矮星系

A Keck/DEIMOS spectroscopic survey of faint Galactic satellites: searching for the least massive dwarf galaxies

N. F. Martin, R. A. Ibata, S. C. Chapman, M. Irwin, G. F. Lewis

摘要:

我们介绍了最近发现的微弱的银河系卫星Boo,UMaI,UMaII和Wil 1的光谱调查结果。使用凯克的DEIMOS摄谱仪,我们已经获得了包含15至85个可能成员的样本,我们推导出精确到几公里/秒的径向速度下降到i~21-22。大约有一半的恒星被观测到具有足够高的信噪比,以估计它们的金属丰度在\pm 0.2 dex以内。从这个数据集,我们表明,UMaII是唯一的对象,不显示一个明确的径向速度峰值。然而,测得的系统径向速度(v_r=115 \pm 5 km/s)与最近的模拟结果吻合得很好,在最近的模拟结果中,该天体是最近发现的孤儿流的前身。其他三颗卫星显示出速度分散,使它们成为高度暗物质主导的系统。特别是威尔曼1号天体不是一个球状星团,因为它的金属丰度分散度超过-2.0<[Fe/H]<-1.0,因此几乎可以肯定是一个矮星系或矮星系残骸。我们测量到在系统速度为-12.3 \pm 2.3 km/s的周围,径向速度色散仅为4.3_{-1.3}^{+2.3} km/s,这意味着该卫星的质光比约为700,总质量约为5 × 10^5 Msun,使其成为迄今为止已知的质量最小的卫星星系。如此低的质量可能意味着银河系和仙女座卫星星系迄今为止从未超过的10^7 Msun极限可能只是一个观测极限,并且在本星系群中存在更暗,质量更小的系统。然而,需要更多的建模和扩展搜索潜在的潮汐外恒星,以排除这些系统没有被潮汐相互作用显着加热的可能性。

英文摘要:

[abridged] We present the results of a spectroscopic survey of the recently discovered faint Milky Way satellites Boo, UMaI, UMaII and Wil1. Using the DEIMOS spectrograph on Keck, we have obtained samples that contain from 15 to 85 probable members of these satellites for which we derive radial velocities precise to a few km/s down to i~21-22. About half of these stars are observed with a high enough S/N to estimate their metallicity to within \pm0.2 dex. From this dataset, we show that UMaII is the only object that does not show a clear radial velocity peak. However, the measured systemic radial velocity (v_r=115\pm5 km/s) is in good agreement with recent simulations in which this object is the progenitor of the recently discovered Orphan Stream. The three other satellites show velocity dispersions that make them highly dark-matter dominated systems. In particular the Willman 1 object is not a globular cluster given its metallicity scatter over -2.0<[Fe/H]<-1.0 and is therefore almost certainly a dwarf galaxy or dwarf galaxy remnant. We measure a radial velocity dispersion of only 4.3_{-1.3}^{+2.3} km/s around a systemic velocity of -12.3\pm2.3 km/s which implies a mass-to-light ratio of ~700 and a total mass of ~5x10^5 Msun for this satellite, making it the least massive satellite galaxy known to date. Such a low mass could mean that the 10^7 Msun limit that had until now never been crossed for Milky Way and Andromeda satellite galaxies may only be an observational limit and that fainter, less massive systems exist within the Local Group. However, more modeling and an extended search for potential extra-tidal stars are required to rule out the possibility that these systems have not been significantly heated by tidal interaction.

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