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arXiv 0705.4350astro-ph
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星核坍缩和中微子发射的数值研究--对3 - 30 Msun铁核球对称黑洞前身的探讨

Numerical Study on Stellar Core Collapse and Neutrino Emission: Probe into the Spherically Symmetric Black Hole Progenitors with 3 - 30Msun Iron Cores

Ken'ichiro Nakazato, Kohsuke Sumiyoshi, Shoichi Yamada

摘要:

最近有人提出了各种异常恒星的存在,例如宇宙中的第一颗恒星或恒星合并产生的恒星。其中一些恒星会导致黑洞的形成。在本研究中,我们系统地研究了3 - 30 Msun范围内的铁核坍缩和黑洞的形成,这是迄今为止尚未得到很好研究的。这里使用的模型大多是等熵铁芯,可能会产生在合并的恒星在目前的宇宙,但我们也采用了一个模型,这是一个人口III的恒星,并通过进化计算获得。我们同时数值求解广义相对论流体力学和中微子转移方程,详细处理球对称下的中微子反应。结果发现,在黑洞形成之前,质量约为10 Msun的大质量铁核由于核子的热压力而意外地产生了一个反弹。从这种大质量的铁核中发射的中微子信号的特征在时间演化和光谱上不同于普通的超新星。首先,对于质量更大的模型,中子化爆发不太显著或完全消失,因为反弹时的密度较低。第二,中微子的光谱,除了电子类型,是软的,由于电子-正电子对创建之前的反弹。我们还研究了初始密度分布的影响,发现初始密度梯度越大,中子化猝发衰减越陡。此外,我们还提出了一种从中微子发射探测黑洞祖先的方法,并为目前运行的中微子探测器估计事件数。

英文摘要:

The existence of various anomalous stars, such as the first stars in the universe or stars produced by stellar mergers, has been recently proposed. Some of these stars will result in black hole formation. In this study, we investigate iron core collapse and black hole formation systematically for the iron-core mass range of 3 - 30Msun, which has not been studied well so far. Models used here are mostly isentropic iron cores that may be produced in merged stars in the present universe but we also employ a model that is meant for a Population III star and is obtained by evolutionary calculation. We solve numerically the general relativistic hydrodynamics and neutrino transfer equations simultaneously, treating neutrino reactions in detail under spherical symmetry. As a result, we find that massive iron cores with ~10Msun unexpectedly produce a bounce owing to the thermal pressure of nucleons before black hole formation. The features of neutrino signals emitted from such massive iron cores differ in time evolution and spectrum from those of ordinary supernovae. Firstly, the neutronization burst is less remarkable or disappears completely for more massive models because the density is lower at the bounce. Secondly, the spectra of neutrinos, except the electron type, are softer owing to the electron-positron pair creation before the bounce. We also study the effects of the initial density profile, finding that the larger the initial density gradient is, the more steeply the neutronization burst declines. Further more, we suggest a way to probe into the black hole progenitors from the neutrino emission and estimate the event number for the currently operating neutrino detectors.

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