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arXiv 0705.3843astro-ph
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第一批PopIII星的分布及其与明亮z~6类星体的关系

Distribution of the very first PopIII stars and their relation to bright z~6 quasars

M. Trenti, M. Stiavelli

摘要:

我们讨论之间的联系暗物质晕托管第一PopIII星和罕见的,大规模的,晕,通常被认为是主机明亮的类星体在高红移z~6。我们打算回答的主要问题是,为这些类星体提供动力的超大质量黑洞是否是从宇宙中产生的第一批中等质量黑洞播下的种子中生长出来的。这个问题涉及到10^13质量的动力学范围,我们通过结合结构形成的N体模拟来确定z~6处最大质量的晕,并结合基于线性理论的蒙特卡罗方法来获得整个模拟盒内第一个轻晕的位置和形成时间。我们发现,第一个~10^6 Msun维里化晕的后代,平均来说,并没有在z~6处最大的晕中结束,而是生活在各种各样的环境中。最大质量晕的最古老的PopIII祖先在z~6处,形成于密度峰值,平均比第一颗PopIII恒星形成于一个明亮的高z类星体所占据的体积中的密度峰值多1.5个标准差。假设爱丁顿吸积的辐射效率ε约为0.1,那么由z>40的第一批PopIII恒星植入的中等质量黑洞种子可以很容易地在z=6时增长到质量m_BH>10^9.5 Msun。因此,抑制黑洞的吸积对于避免在较低红移处出现过多的超大质量黑洞至关重要。如果质量吸积被限制在承载黑洞的晕的重子总质量的一个分数η~6*10^{-3},这就可以得到。在z=6时,得到的黑洞质量函数的高端斜率为α~-3.7,这是在观测到的类星体光度函数在z=6时的亮端斜率的1σ误差条内的值。

英文摘要:

We discuss the link between dark matter halos hosting the first PopIII stars and the rare, massive, halos that are generally considered to host bright quasars at high redshift z~6. The main question that we intend to answer is whether the super-massive black holes powering these QSOs grew out from the seeds planted by the first intermediate massive black holes created in the universe. This question involves a dynamical range of 10^13 in mass and we address it by combining N-body simulations of structure formation to identify the most massive halos at z~6 with a Monte Carlo method based on linear theory to obtain the location and formation times of the first light halos within the whole simulation box. We show that the descendants of the first ~10^6 Msun virialized halos do not, on average, end up in the most massive halos at z~6, but rather live in a large variety of environments. The oldest PopIII progenitors of the most massive halos at z~6, form instead from density peaks that are on average one and a half standard deviations more common than the first PopIII star formed in the volume occupied by one bright high-z QSO. The intermediate mass black hole seeds planted by the very first PopIII stars at z>40 can easily grow to masses m_BH>10^9.5 Msun by z=6 assuming Eddington accretion with radiative efficiency ε~0.1. Quenching of the black hole accretion is therefore crucial to avoid an overabundance of supermassive black holes at lower redshift. This can be obtained if the mass accretion is limited to a fraction η~6*10^{-3} of the total baryon mass of the halo hosting the black hole. The resulting high end slope of the black hole mass function at z=6 is α~ -3.7, a value within the 1σerror bar for the bright end slope of the observed quasar luminosity function at z=6.

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