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arXiv 0705.3799astro-ph
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早期宇宙尘埃的演化及其对SDSS J1148 +5251星系的应用

The Evolution of Dust in the Early Universe with Applications to the Galaxy SDSS J1148+5251

Eli Dwek, Frederic Galliano, Anthony P. Jones

摘要:

早期宇宙中的尘埃超亮星系为研究大质量恒星在尘埃形成和破坏中的作用提供了独特的环境。在红移大于~ 6时,当宇宙的年龄小于~ 1 Gyr时,尘埃只能在II型超新星(SNe)的爆炸喷出物中凝聚,因为大多数AGB星的祖先,星际尘埃的主要替代来源,从恒星形成开始就没有时间演化出主序星。在本文中,我们提出了分析模型的气体,尘埃和金属在高红移星系的演化,特别适用于SDSS J1148+5251,在z = 6.4的超亮类星体。我们发现,一颗平均超新星必须凝聚至少1兆太阳的尘埃,以解释在这个类星体中观察到的尘埃质量。在观测上,它超过了迄今为止在任何SN的喷出物中发现的最大尘埃产量~0.02 Msun。如果未来的观测发现这是一个典型的超新星尘埃产量,那么额外的过程,如吸积到预先存在的颗粒,或周围的活动星系核冷凝将需要被调用来解释大量的尘埃在这个和类似的对象。该星系的恒星形成历史仍然不确定,目前对J1148的气体、金属和尘埃含量的观测可以通过一个持续时间约为1亿年的密集而短暂的恒星形成爆发(约1000 Msun/yr)或一个在星系一生中发生的低得多的恒星形成速率(约100 Msun/yr)来重现。

英文摘要:

Dusty hyperluminous galaxies in the early universe provide unique environments for studying the role of massive stars in the formation and destruction of dust. At redshifts above ~ 6, when the universe was less than ~ 1 Gyr old, dust could have only condensed in the explosive ejecta of Type II supernovae (SNe), since most of the progenitors of the AGB stars, the major alternative source of interstellar dust, did not have time to evolve off the main sequence since the onset of star formation. In this paper we present analytical models for the evolution of the gas, dust, and metals in high redshift galaxies, with a special application to SDSS J1148+5251, a hyperluminous quasar at z = 6.4. We find that an average supernova must condense at least 1 Msun of dust to account for the observed dust mass in this quasar. Observationally, it is in excess of the largest dust yield of ~0.02 Msun found thus far in the ejecta of any SN. If future observations find this to be a typical supernova dust yield, then additional processes, such as accretion onto preexisting grains, or condensation around the AGN will need to be invoked to account for the large amount of dust in this and similar objects. The galaxy's star formation history is still uncertain, and current observations of the gas, metal, and dust contents of J1148 can be reproduced by either an intensive and short burst of star formation (~ 1000 Msun/yr) with a duration of ~ 100 Myr, or a much lower star formation rate (~ 100 Msun/yr) occurring over the lifetime of the galaxy.

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