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arXiv 0705.3704physics.atom-phastro-phhep-phnucl-th
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基本常数的变化：理论与观测

Variation of fundamental constants: theory and observations

V. V. Flambaum

备注：
Update on variation of fundamental constants. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A and McKellar/Joshi Festschrift proceedings (World Scientific)
发表信息：
Int.J.Mod.Phys.A22:4937-4950,2007
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摘要：

综述了近年来有关类星体基本常数变化的研究工作，包括原子钟、类星体吸收光谱和欧克陆天然核反应堆数据。假设随时间线性变化，我们可以比较不同的结果。根据类星体的吸收光谱：$\dotμ/μ=(1 \pm 3) \times 10^{-16}$ yr $^{-1}$。结合这一结果和原子钟的结果给出了$α$变化的最佳极限：$\dotα/α=(-0.8 \pm 0.8) \times 10^{-16}$ yr $^{-1}$。Oklo天然反应堆给出了$m_s/Λ_{QCD}$变化的最佳极限，其中$m_s$是奇异夸克质量。在原子、分子和原子核的近能级跃迁中，相对变分效应大大增强。我们提出了几个新的情况下，水平非常狭窄。在费什巴赫共振附近的冷原子和分子碰撞中，变化效应也可能大幅增强。大质量物体（恒星或星系）也会影响物理常数。它们具有与粒子数成比例的大标量电荷$S$，产生类似库仑的标量场$U=S/r$。这导致基本常数的变化与引力势成正比，例如$δα/ α= k_αδ(GM/ r c^2)$。我们比较了这种效应的不同表现。最强的极限是$k_α+0.17 k_e= (-3.5\pm 6) \times 10^{-7}$。

英文摘要：

Review of recent works devoted to the variation of the fundamental constants is presented including atomic clocks, quasar absorption spectra, and Oklo natural nuclear reactor data. Assuming linear variation with time we can compare different results. From the quasar absorption spectra: $\dotμ/μ=(1 \pm 3) \times 10^{-16}$ yr$^{-1}$. A combination of this result and the atomic clock results gives the best limt on variation of $α$: $\dotα/α=(-0.8 \pm 0.8) \times 10^{-16}$ yr$^{-1}$. The Oklo natural reactor gives the best limit on the variation of $m_s/Λ_{QCD}$ where $m_s$ is the strange quark mass. Huge enhancement of the relative variation effects happens in transitions between close atomic, molecular and nuclear energy levels. We suggest several new cases where the levels are very narrow. Large enhancement of the variation effects is also possible in cold atomic and molecular collisions near Feshbach resonance. Massive bodies (stars or galaxies) can also affect physical constants. They have large scalar charge $S$ proportional to number of particles which produces a Coulomb-like scalar field $U=S/r$. This leads to a variation of the fundamental constants proportional to the gravitational potential, e.g. $δα/ α= k_αδ(GM/ r c^2)$. We compare different manifestations of this effect.The strongest limit $k_α+0.17 k_e= (-3.5\pm 6) \times 10^{-7}$.

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