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arXiv 0705.3401astro-ph
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球状星团极端异常的一个模型

A model for the Globular Cluster extreme anomalies

F. D'Antona, P. Ventura

摘要:

尽管近几年来人们做了大量的工作,但对球状星团的化学异常现象仍没有一个全面的解释。其中最显著的是氧耗,在大多数团簇中氧耗可达[O/Fe]~-0.4,而在M13中氧耗则低于[O/Fe]~-1。在这项工作中,我们认为这些异常是由于两个不同事件的叠加:1)原始自富集:这是为了解释氧耗尽到最小值[O/Fe]~ -0.4; 2)一部分具有异常组成的恒星的额外混合:这些物体从已经很低的[O/Fe]开始,将把氧丰度降低到最极端的值。与其他模型,调用额外的混合来解释化学异常相反,我们认为,它是活跃的,只有当有一小部分的恒星,其中的原始组成不仅是氧耗尽,但也非常丰富的氦(Y~ 0.4),在一些GC从他们的主序列的多样性。我们建议,极富氦恒星的旋转演化(和相关的额外混合)可能会受到这样一个事实的影响,即它们在演化过程中发展了一个非常小或不存在的分子量障碍。我们表明,在这些恒星的额外混合,具有初始化学已经CNO处理,主要影响的氧丰度,并在很小的程度上,如果影响钠丰度。该模型还预测了一个大的氟消耗伴随着氧的消耗,并进一步增强的表面氦丰度,在计算模型中达到接近Y=0.5的值。我们强调,在这个尝试性的解释,这些恒星是原始O-耗尽,但不是非常丰富的氦不遭受深额外的混合。

英文摘要:

In spite of the efforts made in the latest years, still there is no comprehensive explanation for the chemical anomalies of globular cluster stars. Among these, the most striking is oxygen depletion, which reaches values down to [O/Fe]~-0.4 in most clusters, but in M13 it goes down to less than [O/Fe]~ - 1. In this work we suggest that the anomalies are due to the super position of two different events: 1) PRIMORDIAL SELF-ENRICHMENT: this is asked to explain the oxygen depletion down to a minimum value [O/Fe]~ -0.4; 2) EXTRA MIXING IN A FRACTION OF THE STARS ALREADY BORN WITH ANOMALOUS COMPOSITION: these objects, starting with already low [O/Fe], will reduce the oxygen abundance down to the most extreme values. Contrary to other models that invoke extra mixing to explain the chemical anomalies, we suggest that it is active only if there is a fraction of the stars in which the primordial composition is not only oxygen depleted, but also extremely helium rich (Y~ 0.4), as found in a few GCs from their main sequence multiplicity. We propose that the rotational evolution (and an associated extra mixing) of extremely helium rich stars may be affected by the fact that they develop a very small or non existent molecular weight barrier during the evolution. We show that extra mixing in these stars, having initial chemistry that has already been CNO processed, affects mainly the oxygen abundance, and to a much smaller extent if affects the sodium abundance. The model also predicts a large fluorine depletion concomitant with the oxygen depletion, and a further enhancement of the surface helium abundance, which reaches values close to Y=0.5 in the computed models. We stress that, in this tentative explanation, those stars that are primordially O--depleted, but ARE NOT extremely helium rich do not suffer deep extra mixing.

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