[摘要]我们报告了一个944历元的瞬态源调查的结果与档案数据从超大阵列跨越22年，一个典型的历元间隔为7天。在5GHz或8.4GHz下获得的观测结果，对于半高宽分别为8.6“和5.1”的单个视场，并且在每个历元的~300 microJy的波束中心处实现了典型的点源检测阈值。检测到10个瞬态源，具有显著性阈值，因此预期只有一个假阳性。在这些瞬变中，仅在一个时期内检测到8个瞬变。两个瞬变太微弱，无法在个别时期检测到，但在两个月的平均检测。这十个瞬态中没有一个在长期平均值中被检测到，或者与从所有时期的组合产生的深度图像中的持续发射相关联。在5 GHz和8.4 GHz频率下，短时间尺度无线电瞬变超过370微焦耳的累积速率为0.07 < R < 40 deg^-2 yr^-1，其中不确定性是由于瞬变持续时间未知（20 min < t_char < 7天）。瞬态的两个历元测量将在370微焦的通量密度以上检测到每平方度1.5 +/- 0.4个瞬态。两个瞬变与z=0.040和z=0.249的星系有关。这可能与GRB 980428的Ib/c型射电超新星SN 1998 bw相似。六个瞬态在光学或红外中没有对应物（R=27，Ks=18）。这些瞬变的宿主和祖细胞是未知的。
英文摘要：
[ABRIDGED] We report the results of a 944-epoch survey for transient sources with archival data from the Very Large Array spanning 22 years with a typical epoch separation of 7 days. Observations were obtained at 5 or 8.4 GHz for a single field of view with a full-width at half-maximum of 8.6' and 5.1', respectively, and achieved a typical point-source detection threshold at the beam center of ~300 microJy per epoch. Ten transient sources were detected with a significance threshold such that only one false positive would be expected. Of these transients, eight were detected in only a single epoch. Two transients were too faint to be detected in individual epochs but were detected in two-month averages. None of the ten transients was detected in longer-term averages or associated with persistent emission in the deep image produced from the combination of all epochs. The cumulative rate for the short timescale radio transients above 370 microJy at 5 and 8.4 GHz is 0.07 < R < 40 deg^-2 yr^-1, where the uncertainty is due to the unknown duration of the transients, 20 min < t_char < 7 days. A two-epoch survey for transients will detect 1.5 +/- 0.4 transient per square degrees above a flux density of 370 microJy. Two transients are associated with galaxies at z=0.040 and z=0.249. These may be similar to the peculiar Type Ib/c radio supernova SN 1998bw associated with GRB 980428. Six transients have no counterparts in the optical or infrared (R=27, Ks=18). The hosts and progenitors of these transients are unknown.
An unusually brilliant transient in the galaxy Messier 85
从历史上看，可变和瞬态源既让天文学家感到惊讶，也为天空提供了新的视角。在这里，我们报告的光学瞬变的发现在透镜星系梅西耶85的外围的室女星系团。这一事件的峰值绝对R星等为-12，明显比新星亮，但比Ia型超新星暗（预计来自透镜星系中的老恒星群）。该区域的存档图像没有显示出在该位置有一颗发光的恒星，其上限为~-4.1，因此它不太可能是一颗发光的蓝色变星的巨大爆发。在两个月的时间里，瞬变辐射能量几乎为10 E47尔格，随后在光学天空中消失。它类似于M31星系中的一个神秘的瞬变现象，但在峰值时比它明亮6倍。M85 OT 2006 -1的一个可能来源是恒星合并。如果是这样的话，在附近星系中寻找类似的事件不仅可以研究超爱丁顿源的物理学，而且还可以探索恒星双星系统演化的一个重要阶段。
