超高Q超导机电钟的设计
The design of a very high-Q superconductor electromechanical clock
摘要：
我们从理论上讨论了机电振荡器的操作是基于循环，准保守的重力势，动能和磁能之间的转换的属性。该系统由一个强钉扎的II型超导体方环受到恒定的外力和磁场。该回路在直立位置以可在10-1000 Hz范围内调谐的频率振荡，并在其中感应出整流电流。本文的重点是在振荡的主要剩余源的损失的评价。我们认为，这种损失应与超导体Nb-Ti线钉扎磁通线的粘性振动，提供振荡器保持接近零开尔文，在高真空下，和磁场是足够均匀的。我们讨论了在这样的工作条件下，其他不同的损耗源如何变得可以忽略不计，从而振荡器原则上可以达到超过10^（10）的非常高的品质因数Q。分析了这种振荡器作为低频高Q时钟的前景。自发表以来，作者和其他人都在探索本文中的思想，在计量学，量子系统和重力测量中的应用。
英文摘要：
We discuss theoretically the properties of an electromechanical oscillator whose operation is based upon the cyclic, quasi-conservative conversion between gravitational potential, kinetic, and magnetic energies. The system consists of a strong-pinning type-II superconductor square loop subjected to a constant external force and to magnetic fields. The loop oscillates in the upright position at a frequency that can be tuned in the range 10-1000 Hz, and has induced in it a rectified electrical current. The emphasis of this paper is on the evaluation of the major remaining source of losses in the oscillations. We argue that such losses should be associated with the viscous vibration of pinned flux lines in the superconductor Nb-Ti wire, provided the oscillator is kept close to zero Kelvin, under high-vacuum, and the magnetic field is sufficiently uniform. We discuss how other different sources of loss would become negligible for such operational conditions, so that a very high quality factor Q exceeding 10^(10) might in principle be reached by the oscillator. The prospective utilization of such oscillator as a low-frequency high-Q clock is analyzed.Since publication the ideas in this paper have been explored both by the author and elsewhere, in applications covering Metrology, quantum systems, and gravimetry.
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