超导涡旋电荷的腔体机电测量
Superconducting vortex-charge measurement using cavity electromechanics
摘要：
当磁场穿透超导体的表面时，会导致磁通涡旋的形成。据预测，磁通涡旋将有一个带电的涡核，并创建一个偶极电场。在高温$_c$超导体（HTS）中，涡旋中的这种电荷捕获特别增强。在这里，我们集成了一个机械谐振器制成的薄片的高温超导Bi $_2$ Sr $_2$ CaCu $_2$ O $_{8+δ}$到微波电路，实现腔机电设备。由于基于空腔的设备对外力具有极高的灵敏度，我们通过测量机械谐振器的机电响应来直接检测通量涡旋中的电荷。我们的测量结果表明，由于一个单一的涡核的表面电偶极矩的强度约为30~ $|e|a_B$，相当于一个涡旋电荷的$3.7\times 10^{-2}|e|$，其中$a_B$是玻尔半径和$e$是电子电荷的CuO $_2$层。
英文摘要：
As the magnetic field penetrates the surface of a superconductor, it results in the formation of flux-vortices. It has been predicted that the flux-vortices will have a charged vortex core and create a dipolelike electric field. Such a charge trapping in vortices is particularly enhanced in high-T$_c$ superconductors (HTS). Here, we integrate a mechanical resonator made of a thin flake of HTS Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$ into a microwave circuit to realize a cavity-electromechanical device. Due to the exquisite sensitivity of cavity-based devices to the external forces, we directly detect the charges in the flux-vortices by measuring the electromechanical response of the mechanical resonator. Our measurements reveal the strength of surface electric dipole moment due to a single vortex core to be approximately 30~$|e|a_B$, equivalent to a vortex charge per CuO$_2$ layer of $3.7\times 10^{-2}|e|$, where $a_B$ is the Bohr radius and $e$ is the electronic charge.
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