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arXiv 0705.2584astro-ph
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Lyman Alpha森林中大空洞的缺乏对高电离原团簇区形成的限制

Constraints on the Abundance of Highly Ionized Proto-Cluster Regions from the Absence of Large Voids in the Lyman Alpha Forest

Cien Shang, Arlin Crotts, Zoltán Haiman

摘要:

星系团形成过程中的能量反馈过程可能加热并电离了原星系团区域中的大部分星系际气体。当这样一个高度电离的热“超级气泡”沿着视线落到背景类星体上时,它将被视为莱曼阿尔法森林中的一个大空洞,几乎没有吸收。我们检查了斯隆数字巡天中137个类星体的光谱,以寻找这样的空洞,并没有发现它们存在的明确证据。在5-70埃范围内的空隙的尺寸分布(对应于大约3-35 Mpc/h的物理尺寸)与没有额外热气泡的莱曼α森林的标准模型一致。我们采用了宇宙学再电离过程中HII气泡生长的物理模型(Furlanetto,Zaldarriaga和Hernquist 2004),以描述在z = 3附近红移时热超气泡的预期尺寸分布。该模型结合了各个邻近星系周围气泡的结合。使用未检测到的空隙,我们发现可以排除其中热气泡的体积填充因子在z=3处超过约20%的模型,主要是因为它们过度产生大(40-50埃)空隙的数量。我们的结论是,任何解释星系团观测的预热机制都必须避免加热原星系团区域的低密度气体,要么通过相对较近的操作(z<3),要么通过在高密度区域沉积熵。

英文摘要:

Energetic feedback processes during the formation of galaxy clusters may have heated and ionized a large fraction of the intergalactic gas in proto-cluster regions. When such a highly ionized hot ``super-bubble'' falls along the sightline to a background quasar, it would be seen as a large void, with little or no absorption, in the Lyman alpha forest. We examine the spectra of 137 quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, to search for such voids, and find no clear evidence of their existence. The size distribution of voids in the range 5-70 Angstrom (corresponding to physical sizes of approximately 3-35 comoving Mpc/h) is consistent with the standard model for the Lyman alpha forest without additional hot bubbles. We adapt a physical model for HII bubble growth during cosmological reionization (Furlanetto, Zaldarriaga and Hernquist 2004), to describe the expected size-distribution of hot super-bubbles at redshift around z = 3. This model incorporates the conjoining of bubbles around individual neighboring galaxies. Using the non-detection of voids, we find that models in which the volume filling factor of hot bubbles exceeds approximately 20 percent at z=3 can be ruled out, primarily because they overproduce the number of large (40-50 Angstrom) voids. We conclude that any pre-heating mechanism that explains galaxy cluster observations must avoid heating the low-density gas in the proto-cluster regions, either by operating relatively recently (z<3) or by depositing entropy in the high-density regions.

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