量子色动力学中的自旋效应与多格点交换递归格
Spin Effects in Quantum Chromodynamics and Recurrence Lattices with Multi-Site Exchanges
摘要：
在这篇论文中，我们考虑了QCD和具有多位交换的递归格中的自旋效应。本文的主要内容是递归格点上自旋系统的临界现象。我们的方法的主要工具是递归（层次）格的方法。本文应用动力学映射（或递归格子）方法研究流体和固体$^3$ He的磁性，晶体和大分子的相变。首先，我们分析了多肽和蛋白质的螺旋-卷曲相变，并描述了螺旋度（大分子的序参量）的准展开转变（如冷变性过程）。其次，我们考虑了$^3$的回归模型，他定义在正方形，Husimi和六边形格。利用动力学映射方法，得到了具有平台、分叉点和一个倍周期的磁化曲线。然后，我们研究了定义在Bethe晶格上的立方对称模型，该模型包含线性和二次自旋-自旋相互作用。计算了系统的磁化强度，观察到了无序、部分有序和完全有序状态之间的相变的复杂结构。在QCD框架下，研究轻子-核子深度非弹性散射中重味产生的方位角不对称性。我们计算了次领先重夸克引发的散射对DIS的贡献与方位角（或$ϕ$-）的关系，结果表明，与基本胶子引发的散射相反，光子-夸克散射机制实际上是$\cos2ϕ$无关的.我们调查的可能性，测量非微扰（本征）和微扰（CTEQ，MRST）的魅力分布使用$\cos2ϕ$不对称性。
英文摘要：
In this thesis, we consider some spin effects in QCD and recurrence lattices with multi-site exchanges. Main topic of our manuscript are critical phenomena in spin systems defined on the recurrence lattices. Main tool of our approach is the method of recursive (hierarchical) lattices. We apply the method of dynamical mapping (or recursive lattices) for investigation of magnetic properties of the fluid and solid $^3$He, phase transitions in crystals and macromolecules. First, we analyze the helix-coil phase transition for polypeptides and proteins, and describe an quasi unfolding transition (like the cold denaturation process) for the degree of helicity (the order parameter for macromolecules). Next we consider the recurrent models of $^3$He defined on the square, Husimi and hexagon lattices. Using the method of dynamical mapping, the magnetization curves with plateaus, bifurcation point and one period doubling are obtained. Then we investigate the model with cubic symmetry defined on the Bethe lattice and containing both linear and quadratic spin-spin interactions. The magnetization of the system is calculated, and a complex structure of the phase transitions between the disordered, partially ordered and completely ordered states is observed. In the framework of QCD, we consider the azimuthal asymmetries in heavy flavor production in the lepton-nucleon deep inelastic scattering (DIS). We calculate the azimuthal (or $ϕ$-) dependence of the next-to-leading order heavy-quark-initiated contributions to DIS. It is shown that, contrary to the basic gluon-initiated component, the photon-quark scattering mechanism is practically $\cos2ϕ$-independent. We investigate the possibility of measuring both nonperturbative (intrinsic) and perturbative (CTEQ, MRST) charm distributions using the $\cos2ϕ$ asymmetry.
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