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arXiv 0705.1726astro-ph
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星系团和星系群中重子的普查

A Census of Baryons in Galaxy Clusters and Groups

Anthony H. Gonzalez, Dennis Zaritsky, Ann I. Zabludoff

摘要:

我们确定了星系中的恒星、团内恒星和团内介质对附近星系团和星系群中重子总预算的贡献。我们发现,对于M_(500)在6e_(13)~1e_(15)Msun之间的系统,r_(500)内的重子质量分数f_b是常数。虽然f_b值低于WMAP值,但其不足之处与观测系统的不确定性和模拟预测的r_(500)以内的重子的损耗相当。因此,这些数据并没有提供令人信服的证据来证明未被探测到的重子成分,特别是那些重要性随星系团质量而变化的重子成分。目前的分析的一个独特的特点是直接包括在重子预算的团内光(ICL)的贡献。随着总质量的增加,X射线气体质量分数的增加完全是由于总恒星质量分数的减少,这支持了恒星和X射线气体成分的行为在更大质量的环境中由恒星形成效率的降低所主导的论点。在恒星成分中,BCG和ICL在恒星总光度中的比例随着速度色散的增加而减少,这表明BCG + ICL成分,特别是占主导地位的ICL成分,在更高质量的环境中增长效率较低。这种行为在多大程度上源于我们的样本选择,这有利于系统的中心,巨大的椭圆星系,仍然不清楚。一个更强大的结果是识别出具有大BCG + ICL成分的低质量群,这表明星团内恒星的产生不需要大质量的星团环境。在r500和r200范围内,BCG + ICL平均分别贡献了总恒星光的40%和33%。

英文摘要:

We determine the contribution of stars in galaxies, intracluster stars, and the intracluster medium to the total baryon budget in nearby galaxy clusters and groups. We find that the baryon mass fraction (f_b) within r500 is constant for systems with M500 between 6e13 and 1e15 Msun. Although f_b is lower than the WMAP value, the shortfall is on the order of both the observational systematic uncertainties and the depletion of baryons within r500 that is predicted by simulations. The data therefore provide no compelling evidence for undetected baryonic components, particularly any that vary in importance with cluster mass. A unique feature of the current analysis is direct inclusion of the contribution of intracluster light (ICL) in the baryon budget. The increase in X-ray gas mass fraction with increasing total mass is entirely accounted for by a decrease in the total stellar mass fraction, supporting the argument that the behavior of both the stellar and X-ray gas components is dominated by a decrease in star formation efficiency in more massive environments. Within just the stellar component, the fraction of the total stellar luminosity in the BCG and ICL decreases as velocity dispersion increases, suggesting that the BCG+ICL component, and in particular the dominant ICL component, grows less efficiently in higher mass environments. The degree to which this behavior arises from our sample selection, which favored systems with central, giant elliptical galaxies, remains unclear. A more robust result is the identification of low mass groups with large BCG+ICL components, demonstrating that the creation of intracluster stars does not require a massive cluster environment. Within r500 and r200, the BCG+ICL contributes on average 40% and 33% of the total stellar light, respectively.

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