强关联电子的阿贝尔双Higgs模型：相结构、相变强化和有限密度下的QCD
An Abelian two-Higgs model of strongly correlated electrons: phase structure, strengthening of phase transition and QCD at finite density
摘要：
本文研究了三维阿贝尔Higgs模型的非微扰性质，该模型具有耦合到单个紧致阿贝尔规范场的单电荷和双电荷标量场。该模型是假装描述各种平面系统的强关联电子，如高Tc超导过掺杂制度和奇异的材料具有激发与分数量子数。使用数值工具和分析参数的模型的复杂的相结构进行了深入的研究。在三维耦合参数空间中，我们识别了费米液体、自旋能隙、超导体和奇异金属相。三种拓扑缺陷的行为- holon和自旋涡旋和单极-在不同的阶段进行了探讨。我们还观察到一个新的效果，反映在较低的过渡阶的相变强度的强烈增强：在足够强的规范耦合的两个二阶相变-对应于自旋对和holon凝聚线-加入部分在相图中，并成为一个一阶相变在该地区。最后一个观察结果可能与非零温度和有限重子密度下的量子色动力学类似。我们认为，在足够大的重子密度下，（3味配对）色超导相与夸克-胶子等离子体相之间的有限温度跃迁比2味配对和3味配对超导相之间的跃迁强得多.
英文摘要：
We investigate non-perturbative features of a three-dimensional Abelian Higgs model with singly- and doubly-charged scalar fields coupled to a single compact Abelian gauge field. The model is pretending to describe various planar systems of strongly correlated electrons such as high-Tc superconductivity in the overdoped regime and exotic materials possessing excitations with fractionalized quantum numbers. The complicated phase structure of the model is studied thoroughly using numerical tools and analytical arguments. In the three-dimensional space of coupling parameters we identify the Fermi liquid, the spin gap, the superconductor and the strange metallic phases. The behavior of three kinds of topological defects -- holon and spinon vortices and monopoles - is explored in various phases. We also observe a new effect, the strong enhancement of the phase transition strength reflected in a lower order of the transition: at sufficiently strong gauge coupling the two second order phase transitions -- corresponding to spinon-pair and holon condensation lines - join partially in the phase diagram and become a first order phase transition in that region. The last observation may have an analogue in Quantum Chromodynamics at non-zero temperature and finite baryon density. We argue that at sufficiently large baryon density the finite-temperature transition between the (3-flavor paired) color superconducting phase and the quark-gluon plasma phases should be much stronger compared with the transition between 2-flavor paired and 3-flavor paired superconducting phases.
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