热力学热力学第一定律与弹性固体的热力学描述
The First Law of Thermodynamics and the Thermodynamic Description of Elastic Solids
摘要：
历史上，气体的热力学行为首先被描述，导出的方程适用于固体。指出目前对固相的热力学描述尚不完整，因为体系所作的等温功未计入内能。还建议不应从内能中扣除等压功，因为系统膨胀时不作功。此外，还指出热力学热力学第一定律中关于热的力学等效的焦耳假设不具有普适性，不适用于弹性固体。提出的固体热力学描述的方程推导和测试通过计算系统的内能使用状态方程的MgO。与理论的一致性是好的。
英文摘要：
Historically, the thermodynamic behavior of gasses was described first and the derived equations were adapted to solids. It is suggested that the current thermodynamic description of solid phase is still incomplete because the isothermal work done on or by the system is not counted in the internal energy. It is also suggested that the isobaric work should not be deducted from the internal energy because the system does not do work when it expands. Further more it is suggested that Joule postulate regarding the mechanical equivalency of heat -the first law of thermodynamics- is not universal and not applicable to elastic solids. The equations for the proposed thermodynamic description of solids are derived and tested by calculating the internal energies of the system using the equation of state of MgO. The agreement with theory is good.
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