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arXiv 0705.1260quant-ph
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泛形式博弈的类量子表示:葡萄酒测试博弈

Quantum-like Representation of Extensive Form Games: Wine Testing Game

Andrei Khrennikov

摘要:

我们考虑物理学之外的量子力学(QM)的数学形式的应用,即博弈论。我们提出了一个简单的宏观球员之间的游戏,说爱丽丝和鲍勃(或在一个更复杂的形式-爱丽丝,鲍勃和塞西莉亚),这可以表示在量子(QL)的方式-通过使用一个复杂的概率振幅(游戏的"波函数“)和非交换算子。关键的一点是,所考虑的博弈是所谓的广泛形式博弈。在这里,玩家的动作顺序很重要,这样的游戏可以用动作树来表示。参与者的QL概率行为是不完整信息的结果,例如Bob可以获得关于Alice先前动作的信息。一般来说,人们无法构造一个基于QL-博弈的经典概率空间。这甚至可以发生在两个玩家的QL游戏中。在有三个玩家的QL博弈中,贝尔不等式可以被违反。最自然的概率描述是由所谓的上下文概率论给出的,它由概率的频率定义完成。

英文摘要:

We consider an application of the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics (QM) outside physics, namely, to game theory. We present a simple game between macroscopic players, say Alice and Bob (or in a more complex form - Alice, Bob and Cecilia), which can be represented in the quantum-like (QL) way -- by using a complex probability amplitude (game's ``wave function'') and noncommutative operators. The crucial point is that games under consideration are so called extensive form games. Here the order of actions of players is important, such a game can be represented by the tree of actions. The QL probabilistic behavior of players is a consequence of incomplete information which is available to e.g. Bob about the previous action of Alice. In general one could not construct a classical probability space underlying a QL-game. This can happen even in a QL-game with two players. In a QL-game with three players Bell's inequality can be violated. The most natural probabilistic description is given by so called contextual probability theory completed by the frequency definition of probability.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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