We present the results of the analysis of neutrino observations by the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) correlated with photon observations of more than 400 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the Northern Hemisphere from 1997 to 2003. During this time period, AMANDA's effective collection area for muon neutrinos was larger than that of any other existing detector. Based on our observations of zero neutrinos during and immediately prior to the GRBs in the dataset, we set the most stringent upper limit on muon neutrino emission correlated with gamma-ray bursts. Assuming a Waxman-Bahcall spectrum and incorporating all systematic uncertainties, our flux upper limit has a normalization at 1 PeV of
E^2Φ_ν {\leq} 6.0 \times 10^{-9} GeV cm^{-2} s^{-1} sr^{-1}, with 90% of the events expected within the energy range of ~10 TeV to ~3 PeV. The impact of this limit on several theoretical models of GRBs is discussed, as well as the future potential for detection of GRBs by next generation neutrino telescopes. Finally, we briefly describe several modifications to this analysis in order to apply it to other types of transient point sources.
Search for Point Sources of High Energy Neutrinos with Final Data from AMANDA-II
利用AMANDA-II在2000-2006年期间记录的3.8年的数据,对高能中微子的点源进行了研究。在重建μ子轨道和应用选择标准,旨在最佳地保留中微子引起的事件起源于北天,我们到达一个样本的6595个候选事件,主要是从大气中的中微子与初级能量100 GeV至8 TeV。我们对这个样本的搜索没有发现中微子点源的迹象。我们对来自北天各点的$E^{-2}$中微子通量进行了迄今为止最严格的限制,平均上限为$E^{2}Φ_{ν_μ + ν_τ} \le$ 5.2 $\times$ MO 10 $^{-11}$ TeV cm $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$ $^{-1}$基于$ν_μ$和$ν_τ$通量之和,假设相等,能量范围从1.9 TeV到2.5 PeV。
Multi-Messenger Studies with AMANDA/IceCube: Observations and Strategies
四年的AMANDA-II数据已被搜索的中微子从点源。无论是在2000年至2003年的整合中,还是在对偶然信号的搜索中,都没有发现统计上显著过量的事件。当检查从Blazar 1 ES 1959 +650方向检测到的事件的时间时,中微子与伽马射线耀斑的有趣巧合出现了。伽马射线观测的特殊性质为巩固与AMANDA及其后继者IceCube类似的搜索策略以及对这种和其他伽马射线源的多学科调查提供了强大的动力。我们报告的结果,最近的调查北部天空寻找中微子点源与AMANDA-II。我们还讨论了伽玛射线和高能中微子观测站之间可能的可行合作。
Discovery of the brightest T dwarf in the northern hemisphere
我们报告发现了一颗明亮的棕矮星(H=12.77),命名为SIMP J013656.5+093347。这一发现是作为近红外自行调查的一部分,SIMP(Sondage Infrarouge de Mouvement Propre),它使用自行和近红外/光学测光来识别棕矮星候选者。本文给出了这颗褐矮星在0.88-2.35微米波长范围内的低分辨(λ/d λ ~40)光谱。光谱分析表明光谱类型为T2.5+/-0.5。假设它是一个单一的对象,估计测光距离为6.4+/-0.3 pc。目前的观测排除了质量比约为1且分离度>5 AU的双星。SIMP 0136是北半球最亮的T矮星,在整个天空中只有Eps Indi Bab超过它。因此,它是详细研究的绝佳候选对象,并且应该成为早期T光谱类的基准对象。
TeV Gamma-Ray Survey of the Northern Hemisphere Sky Using the Milagro Observatory
Milagro是一个水切伦科夫广泛的空气簇射阵列,在TeV能量带连续监测整个头顶天空。提供了对$\sim$ 3年数据(2000年12月至2003年11月)的分析结果。这些数据已被搜索的稳定点源的TeV伽马射线之间的1.1度和80度的倾角。发现了两个来源,蟹状星云和活动星系Mrk 421。对于北半球的其余部分,我们设定95% C. L。对于5度和70度之间的源倾角,高于1 TeV的上限在275和600 mCrab之间(4.8-10.5 $\times 10^{-12}$ cm $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$)。由于Milagro的灵敏度取决于大气顶部的源的光谱,因此给出了候选源的光谱上的限制的依赖性。由于来自河外源的高能γ射线通过与河外背景光的相互作用而被吸收,因此给出了通量极限对候选源红移的依赖关系。这里提出的上限是一个数量级更严格的比以前公布的限制TeV伽马射线全天巡天。
Five years of searches for point sources of astrophysical neutrinos with the AMANDA-II neutrino telescope
We report the results of a five-year survey of the northern sky to search for point sources of high energy neutrinos. The search was performed on the data collected with the AMANDA-II neutrino telescope in the years 2000 to 2004, with a live-time of 1001 days. The sample of selected events consists of 4282 upward going muon tracks with high reconstruction quality and an energy larger than about 100 GeV. We found no indication of point sources of neutrinos and set 90% confidence level flux upper limits for an all-sky search and also for a catalog of 32 selected sources. For the all-sky search, …