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arXiv 0705.0977astro-ph
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NGC 6791的恒星演化:红巨星分支的质量损失和低质量白矮星的形成

Stellar Evolution in NGC 6791: Mass Loss on the Red Giant Branch and the Formation of Low Mass White Dwarfs

Jasonjot S. Kalirai, P. Bergeron, Brad M. S. Hansen, Daniel D. Kelson, David B. Reitzel, R. Michael Rich, Harvey B. Richer

摘要:

我们提出了第一个详细的研究性质(温度,重力和质量)的NGC 6791白矮星人口。这个独特的恒星系统是我们银河系中最古老(8 Gyr)和最富金属([Fe/H] ~ 0. 4)的疏散星团之一,并且有一个色星等图(CMD),显示出一个红巨星团和一个更热的极端水平分支。用凯克/LRIS光谱拟合星团中白矮星的巴耳末线,表明这些恒星大多数质量不足,<M>= 0.43 +/- 0.06 Msun,因此不可能是由红巨星分支尖端的氦闪光引起的典型恒星演化形成的。我们发现,至少有40%的NGC 6791演化恒星必须在红巨星分支上失去足够的质量以避免闪光,因此在核心没有将氦转化为碳氧。这种增加的质量损失在这些恒星的祖先的演化是一致的存在极端水平分支的CMD。这个独特的恒星演化通道也自然地解释了最近从白矮星冷却理论中发现的NGC 6791非常年轻的年龄(2.4 Gyr);该星团中的氦核白矮星冷却的速度比碳氧核恒星慢3倍,因此校正后的白矮星冷却年龄实际上是7 Gyr,与测量良好的主序星关闭年龄一致。这些结果提供了直接的经验证据表明,质量损失是更有效的高金属环境,因此可能是至关重要的解释紫外线在椭圆星系。

英文摘要:

We present the first detailed study of the properties (temperatures, gravities, and masses) of the NGC 6791 white dwarf population. This unique stellar system is both one of the oldest (8 Gyr) and most metal-rich ([Fe/H] ~ 0.4) open clusters in our Galaxy, and has a color-magnitude diagram (CMD) that exhibits both a red giant clump and a much hotter extreme horizontal branch. Fitting the Balmer lines of the white dwarfs in the cluster, using Keck/LRIS spectra, suggests that most of these stars are undermassive, <M> = 0.43 +/- 0.06 Msun, and therefore could not have formed from canonical stellar evolution involving the helium flash at the tip of the red giant branch. We show that at least 40% of NGC 6791's evolved stars must have lost enough mass on the red giant branch to avoid the flash, and therefore did not convert helium into carbon-oxygen in their core. Such increased mass loss in the evolution of the progenitors of these stars is consistent with the presence of the extreme horizontal branch in the CMD. This unique stellar evolutionary channel also naturally explains the recent finding of a very young age (2.4 Gyr) for NGC 6791 from white dwarf cooling theory; helium core white dwarfs in this cluster will cool ~3 times slower than carbon-oxygen core stars and therefore the corrected white dwarf cooling age is in fact ~7 Gyr, consistent with the well measured main-sequence turnoff age. These results provide direct empirical evidence that mass loss is much more efficient in high metallicity environments and therefore may be critical in interpreting the ultraviolet upturn in elliptical galaxies.

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