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arXiv 0705.0525astro-ph
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低态黑洞吸积:电子加热

Black Hole Accretion in Low States: Electron Heating

Siming Liu, Christopher L. Fryer, Hui Li

摘要:

吸积流中的等离子体被磁旋转不稳定性产生的MHD湍流加热。驱动吸积的粘性应力与湍流耗散的微观过程密切相关。我们表明,在一些观察良好的黑洞吸积系统,有令人信服的观测证据表明,有效的电子加热湍流或集体等离子体效应在低吸积状态,当库仑碰撞是不够有效的,以建立一个热平衡之间的电子和离子在小半径。然而,通过库仑碰撞,带电粒子与它们的种类达到热平衡的速度比与其他粒子快得多,预计会出现双温吸积流。我们考虑一个开普勒吸积流的质量吸积率恒定的伪牛顿引力势,并考虑到韧致辐射,同步加速器,逆康普顿冷却过程。临界质量吸积率,低于该温度的解决方案可能存在,是由冷却过程和电子和离子之间的碰撞能量交换,并有非常弱的依赖于碰撞加热的电子湍流,这变得更加重要,在较低的吸积率。在对这些系统的定量研究中,MHD湍流对电子的无碰撞加热不能再忽略。

英文摘要:

Plasmas in an accretion flow are heated by MHD turbulence generated through the magneto-rotational instability. The viscous stress driving the accretion is intimately connected to the microscopic processes of turbulence dissipation. We show that, in a few well-observed black hole accretion systems, there is compelling observational evidence of efficient electron heating by turbulence or collective plasma effects in low accretion states, when Coulomb collisions are not efficient enough to establish a thermal equilibrium between electrons and ions at small radii. However, charged particles reach a thermal equilibrium with their kind much faster than with others through Coulomb collisions, a two-temperature accretion flow is expected. We consider a Keplerian accretion flow with a constant mass accretion rate in the pseudo-Newtonian gravitational potential and take into account the bremsstrahlung, synchrotron, and inverse Comptonization cooling processes. The critical mass accretion rate, below which the two-temperature solution may exist, is determined by the cooling processes and the collisional energy exchanges between electrons and ions and has very weak dependence on the collision-less heating of electrons by turbulence, which becomes more important at lower accretion rates. Collision-less heating of electrons by MHD turbulence can no longer be ignored in quantitative investigations of these systems.

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