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arXiv 0705.0041astro-ph
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来自跨相对论超新星的宇宙射线

Cosmic rays from trans-relativistic supernovae

R. Budnik, B. Katz, A. MacFadyen, E. Waxman

摘要:

在假设源是银河系的情况下,我们导出了~10^{15}至~10^{18} eV宇宙射线源必须满足的约束条件。我们表明,虽然这些限制不满足普通超新星(SNe),这被认为是<10^{15} eV的宇宙射线的来源,他们可能会满足最近发现的类trans-relativistic超新星(TRSNe),这是与伽马射线暴观察。我们将TRSNe定义为这样的SNe,它们在中等相对论性的、γβ>1的喷出物中沉积了大部分的动能,f_R>10^{-2}。高速喷射物使粒子加速到~10^{18} eV,并且fR的大值(与普通SNe的fR ~10^{-7}相比)确保了如果TRSNe产生观测到的~10^{18} eV宇宙线通量,它们在较低能量下不会过度产生通量。结合TRSNe的估计速率和能量产生,这意味着银河系TRSNe可能是能量高达~10^{18}eV的宇宙射线的来源。

英文摘要:

We derive constraints that must be satisfied by the sources of ~10^{15} to ~10^{18} eV cosmic rays, under the assumption that the sources are Galactic. We show that while these constraints are not satisfied by ordinary supernovae (SNe), which are believed to be the sources of <10^{15} eV cosmic rays, they may be satisfied by the recently discovered class of trans-relativistic supernovae (TRSNe), which were observed in association with gamma-ray bursts. We define TRSNe as SNe that deposit a large fraction, f_R>10^{-2}, of their kinetic energy in mildly relativistic, γβ>1, ejecta. The high velocity ejecta enable particle acceleration to ~10^{18} eV, and the large value of f_R (compared to f_R~10^{-7} for ordinary SNe) ensures that if TRSNe produce the observed ~10^{18} eV cosmic ray flux, they do not overproduce the flux at lower energies. This, combined with the estimated rate and energy production of TRSNe, imply that Galactic TRSNe may be the sources of cosmic rays with energies up to ~10^{18}eV .

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