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arXiv 0704.3832astro-ph
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相对论无碰撞激波中磁Turbulence的长期演化:电子-正电子等离子体

Long Term Evolution of Magnetic Turbulence in Relativistic Collisionless Shocks: Electron-Positron Plasmas

P. Chang, A. Spitkovsky, J. Arons

摘要:

研究了初始未磁化的无碰撞相对论$e^+e^-$激波产生的磁场的长期演化。我们的二维粒子在细胞的数值模拟表明,下游这样的韦伯介导的冲击,粒子分布接近各向同性,相对论麦克斯韦,和磁湍流是高度间歇性的空间,与非传播磁场形成相对孤立的区域与横向尺寸$\sim 10-20$趋肤深度。这些结构的振幅衰减,几乎没有下游合并的迹象。这些磁场开始于激波过渡中上游动能的磁能密度$\sim (0.1-0.2)$,但快速的下游衰减使磁场的值小得多,低于$10^3$趋肤深度后的均分$10^{-3}$。在试图构建一个理论,以下领域衰减到这些较小的值,我们探索的假设,所观察到的阻尼是一个变种的朗道阻尼在未磁化等离子体。该模型是基于下游的小值磁能密度,这表明,粒子轨道只有弱扰动的直线运动,如果湍流是均匀的。利用线性动力学理论应用于各向同性,相对论麦克斯韦等离子体中的电磁场,我们找到了一个简单的解析形式的阻尼率,$γ_k$,在二维和三维的小振幅,亚光电磁场。我们发现,由于载流粒子$(ω_p t)^{-q}$与$q \sim 1$的相混合,磁能确实阻尼。(节略)

英文摘要:

We study the long term evolution of magnetic fields generated by a collisionless relativistic $e^+e^-$ shock which is initially unmagnetized. Our 2D particle-in-cell numerical simulations show that downstream of such a Weibel-mediated shock, particle distributions are close to isotropic, relativistic Maxwellians, and the magnetic turbulence is highly intermittent spatially, with the non-propagating magnetic fields forming relatively isolated regions with transverse dimension $\sim 10-20$ skin depths. These structures decay in amplitude, with little sign of downstream merging. The fields start with magnetic energy density $\sim (0.1-0.2)$ of the upstream kinetic energy within the shock transition, but rapid downstream decay drives the fields to much smaller values, below $10^{-3}$ of equipartition after $10^3$ skin depths. In an attempt to construct a theory that follows field decay to these smaller values, we explore the hypothesis that the observed damping is a variant of Landau damping in an unmagnetized plasma. The model is based on the small value of the downstream magnetic energy density, which suggests that particle orbits are only weakly perturbed from straight line motion, if the turbulence is homogeneous. Using linear kinetic theory applied to electromagnetic fields in an isotropic, relativistic Maxwellian plasma, we find a simple analytic form for the damping rates, $γ_k$, in two and three dimensions for small amplitude, subluminous electromagnetic fields. We find that magnetic energy does damp due to phase mixing of current carrying particles as $(ω_p t)^{-q}$ with $q \sim 1$. (abridged)

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