光子在原子气体中的超辐射和多次散射
Superradiance and multiple scattering of photons in atomic gases
摘要：
研究了超辐射和亚辐射等合作效应对稀原子气体散射特性的影响。我们发现，合作效应导致一个有效的潜在的原子对之间的衰减像$1/r$。在超辐射的情况下，这种势对于足够近的原子是有吸引力的，并且可以被解释为相干介观效应。考虑光子在超辐射对间的多次散射模型，计算了弹性平均自由程和群速度。我们首先研究标量波的情况下，它允许获得和理解的合作效应和多重散射的基本特征。然后我们转向矢量波的一般问题。在这两种情况下，我们得到定性相似的结果，并推导出，对于标量波的情况下，任意（近共振）失谐的弹性平均自由程和群速度的解析表达式。
英文摘要：
We study the influence of cooperative effects such as superradiance and subradiance, on the scattering properties of dilute atomic gases. We show that cooperative effects lead to an effective potential between pairs of atoms that decays like $1/r$. In the case of superradiance, this potential is attractive for close enough atoms and can be interpreted as a coherent mesoscopic effect. We consider a model of multiple scattering of a photon among superradiant pairs and calculate the elastic mean free path and the group velocity. We study first the case of a scalar wave which allows to obtain and to understand basic features of cooperative effects and multiple scattering. We then turn to the general problem of a vector wave. In both cases, we obtain qualitatively similar results and derive, for the case of a scalar wave, analytic expressions of the elastic mean free path and of the group velocity for an arbitrary (near resonance) detuning.
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