超级地球的详细模型：我们能推断出多大的整体性质？
Detailed Models of super-Earths: How well can we infer bulk properties?
摘要：
太阳系外行星的领域已经迅速扩大到包括质量小于天王星的行星的探测。预计其中许多气体中几乎没有氢气和氦气，我们可能会在其中找到类似地球的气体。在本文中，我们描述了我们详细的内部模型，丰富多样的这种巨大的陆地和海洋行星在1至10个地球质量的范围（超级地球）。这里提出的网格可以表征在运输中检测到的具有测量质量的超级地球的整体组成。我们表明，平均而言，行星半径测量优于5%，结合质量测量优于10%，将允许我们区分冰或岩石组成。这是因为对于给定的质量，岩石类地行星可能会达到一个最大半径。任何超过这个最大地球半径的半径值都意味着该行星含有大量（> 10%）的水（海洋行星）。
英文摘要：
The field of extrasolar planets has rapidly expanded to include the detection of planets with masses smaller than that of Uranus. Many of these are expected to have little or no hydrogen and helium gas and we might find Earth analogs among them. In this paper we describe our detailed interior models for a rich variety of such massive terrestrial and ocean planets in the 1-to-10 earth-mass range (super-Earths). The grid presented here allows the characterization of the bulk composition of super-Earths detected in transit and with a measured mass. We show that, on average, planet radius measurements to better than 5%, combined with mass measurements to better than 10% would permit us to distinguish between an icy or rocky composition. This is due to the fact that there is a maximum radius a rocky terrestrial planet may achieve for a given mass. Any value of the radius above this maximum terrestrial radius implies that the planet contains a large (> 10%) amount of water (ocean planet).
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